An homologous series of divinylchalcogenophene‐bridged binuclear ruthenium complexes [{(PMe3)3Cl(CO)Ru}2(µ‐CH=CH‐C4H2E‐CH=CH)] (4a–4d, E = O, S, Se, Te) have been synthesised and fully characterised by X‐ray crystallography and various spectroscopic techniques. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction results reveal a distinct short/long bond‐length alternation along the polyene‐like hydrocarbon backbone, with geometric constraints imposed by the chalcogenophene leading to an increasing distance between the two metal centres (dRu–Ru) in complexes 4a–4d as the heteroatom in the five‐membered ring is changed from oxygen (9.980 Å in 4a) to tellurium (11.063 Å in 4d). The complexes undergo two sequential one‐electron oxidation processes, the half‐wave potential and separation of which appear to be sensitive to a range of factors, including aromatic stabilisation and re‐organisation energies. Analysis of [4a–4d]n+ (n = 0, 1, 2) by UV/Vis/NIR and IR spectroelectrochemical methods, supported by DFT calculations (n = 0, 1), revealed that the redox character of the complexes is dominated by the polyene‐like backbone with the chalcogenide playing a subtle but influential, structural rather than electronic, role. In the radical cations [4a–4d]+, the charge is rather effectively delocalised over the 10‐atom Ru–[4‐s‐cis‐all‐trans‐(CH=CH)4]–Ru chain, giving rise to a species with spectroscopic properties not dissimilar to oxidised polyaceylene.

Lignin-urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive was synthesized with alkali lignin from gramineae waste pulping liquor. Alkali lignin was purified and hydroxymethylated with HCHO and then crosslinked with urea-formaldehyde resin, polyvinyl alcohol and melamine. Results showed that lignin content in purified alkali lignin was 86.91%, both binding strength and free HCHO content of urea-formaldehyde resin synthesized from hydroxymethylated lignin reached the optimum value. The proper lignin amount for preparing resin was 30%, and the binding strength at this condition was 4.56MPa, and free formaldehyde content was 0.049%.

Wave gliders as innovative autonomous ocean-going vehicles harvest the abundant marine natural energy for persistent ocean environment monitoring. This paper analyzes wave glider’s operating mechanism and builds the dynamic model of wave glider. By simplifying the model into 3 DOS in longitudinal plane and selecting three generalized velocity, the kinematic equations and the generalized force can be confirmed. Then, based on the equation of Kane vector operation modeling method, the explicit kinetic model of wave glider is presented. According to simulation study of the kinetic model, the relationship between the motion state of wave glider and the wave motion are indicated. The study provides theoretical guidance and reference for wave glider design.

As an important infrastructure of electric vehicles (EVs), EV fast charging station is of great significance in the popularization and development of EVs. Through the analysis of the characteristics of EV’s arriving time and charging duration in fast charging station, the stochastic service system was introduced and the queuing system model based on queuing theory was established. By calculating the indexes of the queuing system model, the desire model was used to optimize the number of EV chargers, which could save customers’ waiting time and reduce the investment of charging station. Finally, an example was simulated and calculated with MATLAB used as a simulation tool to verify the effectiveness of this approach.

Specifying technical features of all kinds of distributed energy resources in operation control is the foundation of deploying active distribution network. This paper analyzes the technical characteristics of various distributed energy resources (DER) including micro-turbines, wind turbines, photovoltaic generations, distributed energy storage devices and flexible loads (FL), and discusses the demand response (DR) mechanisms and controllability of FL profoundly. Furthermore, on the basis of the economy and the reliability of the overall system, the in-depth study of active distribution network (ADN) typical integration modes which adapt to a low-carbon environment are carried out.