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The photocatalytic reduction of CO2could be achieved over Cu/S-TiO2under UV and visible light irradiation. S-TiO2was fabricated via calcination of TiO2precursor and thiourea, Cu species were plated on the surface of S-TiO2by electroless plating method. XRD revealed that S-TiO2was anatase phase, UV-Vis absorption spectrum showed an excellent visible light absorption of Cu/S-TiO2. Cu species plated on S-TiO2by electroless plating method could facilitate the photogenerated charges capture, separation and transfer. The products of CO2photocatalytic reduction involved gas phase of methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and liquid phase of methanol, formic acid and acetic acid. The in-situ IR spectra indicated that the OH radical acted as an intermediate participating in the photocatalytic reaction.

With respect to multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems in which the criteria denote the form of single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs), and the weight information is also fully unknown, a novel MCDM method based on qualitative flexible multiple criteria (QUALIFLEX) is developed. Firstly, the improved cosine measure of the included angle between two SVNSs is defined. Then, the improved single-valued neutrosophic projection is developed, and the corresponding improved single-valued neutrosophic bidirectional projection and single-valued neutrosophic bidirectional projection difference are investigated. Moreover, the partial ordering relation of SVNSs is developed. Secondly, an extended QUALIFLEX method based on an improved single-valued neutrosophic projection measure is proposed to handle MCDM problems in which the weights of criteria are completely unknown. Finally, an example for selection of a green supplier, as well as a performance comparison analysis, are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

From a practical point of hydraulic servo system, this paper researches on four-way servo valve working as three-way servo valve combined three-way pressure reducing valve forming differential form controlling asymmetric hydraulic cylinder characteristics using the classical control theory. According to the characteristics of hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts, it redefines the load pressure and load flow, establishes the load flow equation of control valve, the continuity equation of hydraulic cylinder and dynamic balance equations of the hydraulic cylinder which connected with the load, reaches the valve controlled asymmetrical cylinder system transfer function. Considering engineering practice, simplifying load types, it respectively obtains the transfer function of elastic load and none elastic load under the system which provides theoretical basis for analysing the static and dynamic characteristics of the valve controlled asymmetrical cylinder system.