Compared with the traditional techniques of forest fire detection, a wireless sensor network paradigm based on a ZigBee technique was proposed. The proposed technique is in real time, given the exigencies of forest fires. The architecture of a wireless sensor network for forest fire detection is described. The hardware circuitry of the network node is designed based on a CC2430 chip. The process of data transmission is discussed in detail. Environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in the forest region can be monitored in real time. From the information collected by the system, decisions for fire fighting or fire prevention can be made more quickly by the relevant government departments.

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Keywords: piezoelectric energy harvesting, interface circuit, damped sinusoidal signal, random signal, SLPSCopyright © 2015 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. All rights reserved. IntroductionMicro-energy harvesting has been widely studied because of the development of wireless sensor networks. Various energy harvesting techniques, such as solar energy, thermal energy, and vibration energy have been investigated to eliminate dependence on batteries or wires [1][2][3][4][5]. The electromagnetic, electrostatic, and piezoelectric transition mechanisms are the main methods for harvesting vibration energy. In particular, piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting has received significant attention for its high power density, simple structure, and ability to operate without producing pollution [6].A piezoelectric energy harvesting system mainly consists of a mechanical structure and interface circuits. With regard to the mechanical structures in such systems, cantilever beams with patches of piezoelectric materials have been extensively investigated [7,8]. The performance of the energy generated by piezoelectric elements with harmonic excitations has been studied widely. Recently, flow-induced piezoelectric energy harvesting has gained much attention. Some of the trends in piezoelectric energy harvesting are multi-directional wideband technology [9] and flow-induced or impact-induced piezoelectric energy harvesting [10]. In these systems, the electricity generated by piezoelectric cantilever beams is not sinusoidal. Meanwhile, the mechanical structures for collecting multi-direction energy and flow-induced piezoelectric energy have been widely investigated. Experiments on many mechanical structures under different conditions have been performed to evaluate the performance of different structures. With regard to interface circuits, the standard interface circuit, series synchronized switch harvesting interface circuit (S-SSHI), parallel synchronized switch harvesting interface circuit (P-SSHI), and synchronized charge extraction interface circuit (SCE) have been analyzed in detail, and all involve standard sinusoidal equivalent sources [11][12][13]. However, the performance of different interface circuits with a non-standard sinusoidal equivalent source has been minimally investigated. Many experiments have been performed in ideal laboratory environments where piezoelectric elements were subjected to harmonic excitations; thus, numerous analyses involving sinusoidal signals have been made. An exciter

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