Neural network performs complex computations through coordinating collective neural dynamics that are fast and in three-dimensions. Meanwhile, its proper function relies on its 3D supporting environment, including the highly dynamic vascular system that drives energy and material flow.Better understanding of these processes requires methods to capture fast volumetric dynamics in thick tissue. This becomes challenging due to the trade-off between speed and optical sectioning capability in conventional imaging techniques. Here we present a new imaging method, confocal light field microscopy, to enable fast volumetric imaging deep into brain. We demonstrated the power of this method by recording whole brain calcium transients in freely swimming larval zebrafish and observed behaviorally correlated activities on single neurons during its prey capture. Furthermore, we captured neural activities and circulating blood cells over a volume ⌀ 800 μm x 150 μm at 70 Hz and up to 600 μm deep in the mice brain.

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Obtaining high efficiency room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) by employing non-noble metals poses two challenges: (1) strengthening spin-orbit coupling of excitons to improve the rate of intersystem crossing (ISC) by using non-noble metals with small-atomic-number; (2) employing structural confinement to enhance radiation relaxation because harsh conditions, including carefully selected matrices, rigid solid-state crystalline structure and low temperature, are commonly needed. Here, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with orderly non-noble metal arrangements were used as an inorganic matrix to activate RTP of carbon dots (CDs). The Zn orderly arranged on the LDH layer contributes to the enhancement in spin-orbit coupling of excitons and the decrease in the energy gap for the singlet-triplet state. The structural confinements of the LDH layer and nano-interlayer testify that the phosphorescence of CDs-LDHs originates from the suppressed radiationless relaxation processes. Using the high tunability of metal species and ratios on the LDH layer, this method can be widely applied to optimize ISC and phosphorescence properties.

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