Photodetectors
are one of the most important components for a future
“Internet-of-Things” information society. Compared to
the mainstream semiconductor-based photodetectors, emerging devices
based on two-dimensional (2D) materials and ferroelectrics as well
as their hybrid systems have been extensively studied in recent decades
due to their outstanding performances and related interesting physical,
electrical, and optoelectronic phenomena. In this paper, we review
the photodetection based on 2D materials and ferroelectric hybrid
systems. The fundamentals of 2D and ferroelectric materials as well
as the interaction in the hybrid system will be introduced. Ferroelectricity
modulated optoelectronic properties in the hybrid system will be discussed
in detail. After the basics and figures of merit of photodetectors
are summarized, the 2D-ferroelectrics devices with different structures
including p-n diodes, Schottky diodes, and field-effect
transistors will be reviewed and compared. The polarization of ferroelectrics
offers the possibility of the modulation and enhancement of the photodetection
in the hybrid detectors, which will be discussed in depth. Finally,
the challenges and perspectives of the photodetectors based on 2D
ferroelectrics will be proposed. This Review outlines the important
aspects of the recent development of the hybrid system of 2D and ferroelectric
materials, which could interact with each other and thus lead to photodetectors
with higher performances. Such a Review will be helpful for the research
of emerging physical phenomena and for the design of multifunctional
nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Thermoelectrics enable waste heat recovery, holding promises in relieving energy and environmental crisis. Lillianite materials have been long-term ignored due to low thermoelectric efficiency. Herein we report the discovery of superior thermoelectric performance in Pb7Bi4Se13 based lillianites, with a peak figure of merit, zT of 1.35 at 800 K and a high average zT of 0.92 (450–800 K). A unique quality factor is established to predict and evaluate thermoelectric performances. It considers both band nonparabolicity and band gaps, commonly negligible in conventional quality factors. Such appealing performance is attributed to the convergence of effectively nested conduction bands, providing a high number of valley degeneracy, and a low thermal conductivity, stemming from large lattice anharmonicity, low-frequency localized Einstein modes and the coexistence of high-density moiré fringes and nanoscale defects. This work rekindles the vision that Pb7Bi4Se13 based lillianites are promising candidates for highly efficient thermoelectric energy conversion.
Neural synapses with diverse synaptic functions of short- and long-term plasticity are highly desired for developing complex neuromorphic system. Memristor with its two terminals respectively serving as pre- and post-neurons...
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