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Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) emits large amounts of brown carbon (BrC); however, the evolutionary behavior of BrC in BB emissions (BB BrC) resulting from complex atmospheric processes is poorly understood. In this study, the transformation of contents and the chromophoric characteristics of BrC in smoke particles emitted by the burning of rice straw (RS), corn straw (CS), and pinewood (PW) under O3 aging are investigated. The O3 aging induced the reduction of light absorption and fluorescence for the BB BrC, suggesting the decomposition of chromophores and fluorophores. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in aromaticity, average molecular weight, and the light absorption capacity for the chromophores, as well as an increase in humification for the fluorophores. The excitation emission matrix combined with a parallel factor analysis revealed that protein-like components (C3) were predominantly decomposed by O3 aging, while the relative distribution of a humic-like component with highly oxygenated chromophores (C4) gradually increased. In general, the humic-like substances (C1 + C2 + C4) were transformed to be the most abundant fluorophores for all the BB BrC samples, which accounted for 84 %–87 % of the total fluorophores in final O3-aged BB BrC. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was performed on the synchronous fluorescence, which suggested that the RS and CS BrC exhibits the same susceptible fluorophores changes upon O3 aging. It showed that O3 firstly reacted with protein-like fractions (263–289 nm) and then with fulvic-like fractions (333–340 nm). In comparison, the changing sequence of susceptible fluorophores in the PW BrC to O3 was in the order of fulvic-like fluorophores with shorter wavelengths (309 nm), protein-like fluorophores (276 nm), and fulvic-like fluorophores with longer wavelengths (358 nm). The 2D-FTIR-COS (2D-COS combined with FTIR) analysis showed conjugated C=O and aromatic C=C and C=O groups were the most susceptible functional groups to O3 aging for all BB BrC. Moreover, it also revealed a consistent sequential change, which is in the order of aromatic OH; conjugated C=O groups and aromatic C=O; aromatic COO−; and finally lignin-derived C–C, C–H, and C–O groups. Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary behavior of the chromophoric and fluorescent properties of BB BrC during O3 aging, which are of great significance for better understanding the heterogeneous oxidation pathways of BB-derived BrC in the atmospheric environment.

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Spin polarized density functional theory calculation combined with periodic slabs were employed to reveal the elemental mercury (Hg 0) adsorption mechanism on Co 3 O 4 (1 1 0) surface. The adsorption energies and possible adsorption sites were investigated. To understand the adsorption interaction more directly, the electronic structural changes of before and after adsorption were compared. The hybridization of orbitals was studied by the partial density of states (PDOS) analysis. In addition, the temperature effects toward equilibrium constants of Hg 0-Co 3 O 4 system were taken into consideration. The results manifested that the interaction between Hg 0 and Co 3 O 4 (1 1 0) surface is chemisorption with-74.037kJ/mol. Co 3+ sites, the highest oxidation state of Co atoms, are crucial in this process which can accept the electrons after Hg oxidation. The redundant electrons transfer to O and other Co atoms nearby. PDOS analysis indicates the hybridization of s orbitals (Hg 0) and p, d orbitals (Co atom). And d orbitals of Hg interacts with s, p orbitals of Co atom strongly. The trends of equilibrium constants suggest that Hg 0 adsorption on Co 3 O 4 (1 1 0) surface is favorable at low temperature.