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We consider a framework of repertoires in art appreciation and suggest its relationship with learning in art appreciation of youth. An art writing programme was administered to 31 students ranging from junior high school to graduate school. Their art writings were analysed according to two themes: (1) the diverse elements of repertoires and their acquisition; (2) the relation of complex repertoires to proficiency in art appreciation. First, the framework of repertoires is presented, and analytical standards for art writings are established. Undergraduate/graduate students showed greater diversity and accumulation of appreciation skills in their repertoires than did junior and senior high school students. In addition, case analyses demonstrate that the properties of accumulation and diversity in repertoires are essential to forming complex repertoires. Further, the formation of complex repertoires can be said to be an important step for attaining sophisticated art appreciation.

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A paradox of ‘pictorial turn’ seems to be occurring, as we are struggling to cope with the gap between the wealth of visual images and our ability to handle the experience relevantly. This study aims to investigate the relationship between drawing and linguistic activities in a process of appreciating artworks, and to discuss the significance of developing one’s abilities. A longitudinal study was conducted to integrate drawing, narrative writing and short essays for four years starting in the fourth grade. There is a significant correlation among those activities, and the correlation increases as the grade advances. The interaction has facilitated the students’ development, and provided the means to be familiar with imagery recollection and observation. Most importantly, a well-functioned interaction gives them opportunities to generate flexible thinking and metaphoric cognition. In preadolescence, when drawing activity slows and linguistic activity intensifies, facilitating the interaction is significant to tackle the issue of updated competencies.

We studied methods to help people visualize and deepen their thoughts through art appreciation and how to apply these methods. First, we present the concept of appreciation skills as a scheme to promote thought visualization during the art appreciation process. Then, we propose a model of metacognition using appreciation skills as a theoretical framework for monitoring and controlling thoughts during art appreciation, and we offer tools to help viewers metacognize their thoughts. Additionally, we present and analyse creative approaches for appreciating art physically through multiple senses (sight, touch, sound, smell) as well as practices for visualizing and deepening thoughts through collaborative visual representations. We found that supporting metacognition during the art appreciation process from the perspective of appreciation skills can be particularly effective for novice viewers. In addition, the collaborative creation of short videos may encourage non-art major students to visualize their thoughts and have more varied interpretations of artwork.