With high annual mortality rates among young children, antimicrobial resistant salmonellosis is considered a major public health concern worldwide. Antimicrobial resistant salmonellosis is a worldwide health issue, particularly in low income countries with high microbially-derived food contaminations. As a result, it is important to better understand the biological factors that may control these bacteria's dissemination low immunity individuals such as children. Thus, a sound epidemiological surveillance and control of salmonellosis (that is, tet and catA1) requires a better understanding of the role that class 1, 2 and 3 integrons play in the spread of these antimicrobial resistant genes. A total of 275 stool samples of children suffering of diarrhea in rural Burkina Faso were collected and their Salmonella species were screened. The antimicrobial resistance determinants were investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction, checking the presence of class 1, 2, 3 integrons, tet and catA1 resistance genes. Seven of the nine confirmed Salmonella strains (78%) were multidrug resistant while 100% were resistant to amoxicillin. Antibiotic resistance genes catA and tet were present in 11.1 and 22.2%, respectively. Integrons were detected as follows: Int1 (44.4%) and Int2 (22.2%). No class 3 integron was detected. A surveillance and control programme of antimicrobial drug resistant Salmonella species is of paramount importance for limiting spread of these pathogens among children.

Patients afflicted by acute cellulitis of dental origin are usually in need of urgent treatment. The most frequently isolated bacterial strains associated with this condition are Streptococcal and Staphylococcal species, which are also most commonly implicated with cellulitis in general. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus isolated from patients with acute cellulitis of dental origin in a developing country such as Burkina Faso. Samples (exudates) taken from 52 patients (25 male [48.1%], 27 female [51.9%]) suffering from acute cellulitis were analyzed using conventional microbiology methods. Patients who were 19-40 years of age were the most commonly afflicted by acute cellulitis (representing 59.6% of the subjects in this study). Of the 52 samples taken, 25 (48.1%) were positive and 27 (51.9%) negative for Staphylococcus and/or Streptococcus. Seventeen Staphylococcus (32.7% of the samples) and 8 Streptococcus (15.4% of the samples) strains were isolated and characterized using antibiotic susceptibility profiling methods. All the Streptococcus strains were found to be resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, oxacillin, cefixim, cefuroxim, cefotaxim and ceftriaxon. The Staphylococcus strains were mostly resistant to cefixim (88.2%), piperacillin (70.6%), penicillin G (94.1%) and amoxicillin (76.5%). All strains were resistant to metronidazole. Given the high resistance of isolates to antibiotics, it may be necessary to assay bacterial antibiotic susceptibility patterns prior to prescribing these medications.