This paper uses a nested logit model to examine whether potential pollution abatement cost savings adjusted by institutional and socio-economic conditions influence the location choices of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) among Chinese provinces. It incorporates individual polluting firms’ characteristics instead of looking only at location attributes. The results show that (i) FDI firms in polluting industries tend to locate in provinces with higher potential abatement costs savings adjusted for local environmental regulation; (ii) relatively dirtier firms are more likely to locate in less developed provinces or provinces with fewer similar polluting industries; (iii) firms in pollution-intensive industries are more sensitive to regulation and development status than firms in non-polluting industries; and (iv) firms tend to locate in provinces where they have more bargaining power with local governments. These findings suggest the existence of domestic pollution havens in China.
Abstract:In this paper, we use a unique dataset covering joint ventures in two provinces of China, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, to test the effect of the institutional environment for domestic private firms on ownership structures of FDI projects. Unlike many studies on this subject, we approach the issue from the perspective of local firms seeking FDI rather than from the perspective of foreign firms seeking to invest in China. Applying the prevailing bargaining framework in studies on ownership structures of FDI projects, we find that a more liberal institutional environment for domestic private firms is associated with less foreign ownership of the joint ventures operating there. Several mechanisms can contribute to this outcome. One is that a more liberal institutional environment may enhance the bargaining power of those domestic firms negotiating with foreign firms to form alliances (the capability effect). The other mechanism is that a more liberal institutional environment may reduce some of the auxiliary benefits associated with FDI-such as greater property rights granted to foreign investors-and thereby attenuate incentive to form alliances with foreign firms (the incentive effect).
This paper analyzed the influence of financial behaviors on the duration out of asset poverty while controlling for households' life cycle and demographic characteristics. We found evidence for the existence of structural barriers to asset acquisition. Asset accumulation at or above levels equal to nine-months worth of income at the incomepoverty level was important for improving a household's odds of permanently escaping asset poverty, but a linear relationship between asset accumulation and the likelihood of returning to asset poverty did not emerge. Moreover, minimizing debt and diversifying the asset portfolio to include more productive assets were positively related to maintaining assets; but households should also consider the risks associated with portfolio allocations.
Down-payment or closing cost assistance is a commonly used and effective program in addressing the wealth constraints of underserved homebuyers. This paper estimates the impact of the city of Dallas Mortgage Assistance Program (MAP) on neighborhood home values. We define neighborhoods for each sale based on distance from MAP properties, and estimate the difference-indifference (DID) in home prices between neighborhoods with various numbers of MAP before and after MAP sales. We find that while MAP properties tend to locate in neighborhoods with generally lower property values, the infusion of MAP has no detrimental impact on neighboring property values overall.
In the aftermath of the Great Recession, a substantial number of families were left financially at risk, especially those with lower income, less wealth, fewer years of education, and unstable employment. This study examined how families responded to the financial stresses of the Great Recession and found that families who were working age, had higher levels of education, and had become non-homeowners were more likely to maintain or open a basic savings account; whereas families who had lost a substantial amount of annual family income or wealth or were Black or Hispanic were more likely to have been without a savings account over the period. Insights from this study will help inform policymakers and others interested in encouraging family financial security and resiliency through basic savings accounts.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.