In the field of building energy conservation, advanced
thermal
insulation materials with low thermal conductivity and excellent flame
retardancy have always been a research emphasis. This work proposes
a facile strategy for fabricating a hybrid foam based on the skeleton
of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) foam, and the GP/poly(vinyl alcohol)
(PVA) tightly adheres to the skeleton with the capillary force of
MF. The combination of guanidine phosphate (GP) and PVA provides outstanding
thermal insulation performance and infrared stealth property to the
hybrid foam, and the existence of GP endows the hybrid foam with superior
flame retardancy and charring ability. The tensile and compression
strength of the GP/PVA@MF hybrid foams have significantly improved.
The 1.5 wt % GP/10 wt % PVA@MF (MF-1.5) foam has an ultra-low thermal
conductivity value of 0.0293 W m–1 K–1 due to the rational three-dimensional (3D) pore microstructure.
Meanwhile, the MF-1.5 foam achieves a V-0 rating in the vertical burning
(UL-94) test and a limiting oxygen index of 32.4%. Furthermore, the
cone calorimeter results show that the addition of GP significantly
reduces total heat release and total smoke release. The GP/PVA@MF
hybrid foam will be a multifunctional material with outstanding thermal
insulation and flame retardancy, showing a great application in the
military and civilian fields.
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