No abstract

Photodetectors based on p-type metal oxides are still a challenge for optoelectronic device applications. Many effects have been paid to improve their performance and expand their detection range. Here, high-quality Cu1–x Ni x O (x = 0, 0.2, and 0.4) film photodetectors were prepared by a solution process. The crystal quality, morphology, and grain size of Cu1–x Ni x O films can be modulated by Ni doping. Among the photodetectors, the Cu0.8Ni0.2O photodetector shows the maximum photocurrent value (6 × 10–7 A) under a 635 nm laser illumination. High responsivity (26.46 A/W) and external quantum efficiency (5176%) are also achieved for the Cu0.8Ni0.2O photodetector. This is because the Cu0.8Ni0.2O photosensitive layer exhibits high photoconductivity, low surface states, and high crystallization after 20% Ni doping. Compared to the other photodetectors, the Cu0.8Ni0.2O photodetector exhibits the optimal response in the near-infrared region, owing to the high absorption coefficient. These findings provide a route to fabricate high-performance and wide-detection range p-type metal oxide photodetectors.

Despite much attention on the photoelectronic device applications of CuO-based materials, a thorough analysis of optical properties and electronic band structure of Ni-doped CuO films is still necessary. Here, the calculation based on the density functional theory revealed a strong hybridization of O 2p and Cu 3d orbits near the conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) of CuO films. The Ni addition is found to enhance the carrier mobility, because the weaker localization of O 2p states at the VBM is observed in 50 atom % doped CuO. To confirm the theoretical results, the ellipsometric spectra of solution-processed CuO films doped by Ni ions (from 0 to 50 atom %) were fitted, and the optical constants were uniquely extracted. The optical conductivity has a linear increase with the Ni doping concentration, which results from the decreased electron traps. Besides, the band gap was found to be modulated in a range of 2.22–2.37 eV owing to the quantum confinement effects. The variation trend is confirmed by the first-principles calculation, where the computational indirect band gap is 1.27 and 1.79 eV for pure CuO and 50 atom % Ni-doped CuO. Four electronic transitions are observed at ∼2.75, 3.27, 4.01, and 4.90 eV, and the physical origins have been discussed.

As a competitive technology, the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) is developing from a single-pixel to array architecture; however, it is a major challenge for reading array detectors. We propose an encodable trigger through the thermal coupling of two adjacent superconducting nanowires, which can read a current pulse with microampere amplitude and code the current pulses of different positions with different output resistances simultaneously. At the same time, the influence of external noise on superconducting devices can be avoided for isolated circuits. As a demonstration, the response pulses of a 4-pixel SNSPD are read using this trigger in the absence of an amplifier, and the photon flux distribution of different pixels is accurately reconstructed, where the total power consumption is approximately 0.8  μW. The superconducting trigger is promising for application in integrated superconducting electronics and quantum optics in the future.