Nano-KTN with an intrinsic dipole moment was used as a nucleus, which makes Ag shells generate induced polarization to enhance the polarizability in the composites.

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Objectives: To assess off-treatment virological relapse rates and to determine the role of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) quantification in predicting virological relapse after stopping entecavir (ETV) treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: One hundred and twelve CHB patients for whom ETV was stopped in accordance with the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines stopping rules were enrolled. Patient HBsAg and HBV DNA levels were monitored every 4-12 weeks during ETV treatment and after ETV cessation. Post-treatment virological relapse was defined as a serum HBV DNA level of >10 000 copies/ml after stopping ETV treatment. Results: The virological relapse rate at 52 weeks after stopping ETV was 48.2%. The post-treatment virological relapse rate was significantly higher in patients aged >50 years than in those aged <50 years (p < 0.001), and the virological relapse rate was significantly lower in patients with an HBsAg level <2.0 log 10 IU /ml than in those with a level !2.0 log 10 IU /ml at ETV cessation (p = 0.005). An HBsAg level of 2.5 log 10 IU/ml at HBeAg seroconversion was the optimal cut-off value for predicting post-treatment virological relapse (p < 0.001). In those aged <50 years and with HBsAg 2.5 log 10 IU/ml at HBeAg seroconversion, the relapse rate was only 5%. In patients with HBsAg 2.5 log 10 IU/ml at HBeAg seroconversion, 52.4% achieved HBsAg levels 2.0 log 10 IU/ml at ETV cessation, while in those with HBsAg >2.5 log 10 IU/ml at HBeAg seroconversion, only 4.4% achieved this criterion. Conclusions: HBsAg levels can help guide the timing of cessation of ETV treatment. HBsAg levels of 2.5 log 10 IU/ml at HBeAg seroconversion may be a useful marker to predict virological relapse after the cessation of ETV treatment in HBeAg-positive CHB patients.

The morphotropic phase boundary composition 47(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 -0.53Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 (calcium barium zirconate titanate, BCZT) were doped in poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix by solution casting method. The effect of BCZT particles on polarization characteristics of composite films were investigated through dielectric spectra, hysteresis, and thermally stimulated discharge current measurements. It reveals that relative dielectric constant, remnant polarization, and energy storage density gradually increase and reach the maximum value with 39 at 100 Hz, 1.17 lC/cm 2 , and 3.69 J/cm 3 at the concentration of 20 vol % BCZT. The Gaussian method was employed to decompose thermally stimulated discharge current composite peaks and an approximate model was used to analyze the activation energy levels of these films. The results indicated that the introduction of BCZT is effective for the charge carrier traps and activation energy distribution in the relaxation process of composite films. The decreased molecular movements, and increased interfaces formed between the BCZT grains and the poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix may be responsible for these performances. And a new relaxation peak appeared at about 370 K in composites when BCZT concentration exceeded 20 vol %, which was considered to be caused by the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition of BCZT.