Background & Aim: Nesting behavior is important for birds because this stage is critical for breeding success. Since urbanization is expanding worldwide, birds living in cities face huge challenges but the urban environment can also provide living opportunities. This review summarizes bird nesting behaviors in cities, analyzing the influence of factors such as climate, food resources, nest site availability, predation pressure, pollution, and anthropogenic disturbance on bird nesting based on publications in Biblioshiny programme. Summary: This study demonstrates that urbanization influences bird nesting period, nest site and nest material selection significantly, and that spatio-temporal nesting ranges and nesting materials differ between urban and rural birds. We highlight the need to evaluate whether city birds are well adapted or negatively affected by urbanization, which would require specific analysis of target populations and habitat conditions. Perspectives: We should propose effective and specific suggestions to protect city birds during urbanization based on •综述•

The critically endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting has undergone population collapse globally because of illegal hunting and habitat deterioration. It was listed as critically endangered (CR) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2017 and designated a Class I (highest level) national conservation bird species in China in 2021. Birdsong in the breeding season is the main communicative signal under sexual selection, and song variations have long been considered critical evidence of divergence among subspecies or populations. We compared the songs of 89 males from 18 populations to test subspecies taxonomy. We found that songs of the Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola are subspecies specific and that three subspecies can be clearly discriminated by song divergences. Moreover, an analysis of multiple vocal traits supports the claim that insularis is distinct from aureola and ornata. Finally, at the geographic population level, populations can be clearly classified in accordance with the three subspecies, although the aureola population in Xinjiang, China is differentiated from other populations of the same subspecies. The results of this study demonstrate that all populations and subspecies are unique and should be protected to maintain intraspecies song diversity. In addition, several specific populations, such as insularis populations in Japan and the Xinjiang, China population of aureola, need to be paid special attention to prevent the extinction of unique or local taxa.

With the increasing abundance of online resources, MOOC, SPOC and other teaching platforms are gradually being widely used in the educational field. The integrated teaching mode of theory and practice, which is limited to knowledge and classroom teaching, also exposes the problems in reviewing knowledge, one-sided case information and analyzing practical aspect. Taking the financial analysis course as an example, this paper combines SPOC platform with PAD class to study the integration programs. This paper first puts forward three main problems in teaching, that are students with weak foundations, with one-sided case description and lack of in-depth case studies. And then it designs a cyclic classroom model to support a closed-loop teaching method, which involves the completion of theoretical research and case study on the platform before the next class and the discussion of the subjects in the form of a task list about the financial position and performance in the previous cases.

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The research idea of this thesis is to analyze the theoretical problems from the theoretical basis and literature review and summarize the experience according to the analysis of existing practice. Based on the use of the methods of literature induction, historical analysis and investigation and research, this thesis puts forward some suggestions on the supply-side structural reform of rural finance to realize the balance of supply and demand of rural finance, develop innovatively, improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural production, and to promote the development of rural agriculture.