The detection of exosomes is promising for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, the development of suitable optical sensors remains challenging. We have developed the first luminescent nanosensor for the multiplex differentiation of cancer exosomes that bypasses real‐time light excitation. The sensor is composed of a near‐infrared semiconducting polyelectrolyte (ASPN) that forms a complex with a quencher‐tagged aptamer. The afterglow signal of the nanocomplex (ASPNC), being initially quenched, is turned on in the presence of aptamer‐targeted exosomes. Because detection of the afterglow takes place after the excitation, background signals are minimized, leading to an improved limit of detection that is nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that of fluorescence detection in cell culture media. Also, ASPNC can be easily tailored to detect different exosomal proteins by changing the aptamer sequence. This enables an orthogonal analysis of multiple exosome samples, potentially permitting an accurate identification of the cellular origin of exosomes for cancer diagnosis.

The detection of exosomes is promising for the early diagnosis of cancer.H owever,t he development of suitable optical sensors remains challenging. We have developed the first luminescent nanosensor for the multiplex differentiation of cancer exosomes that bypasses real-time light excitation. The sensor is composed of an ear-infrared semiconducting polyelectrolyte (ASPN) that forms ac omplex with aq uenchertagged aptamer.T he afterglow signal of the nanocomplex (ASPNC), being initially quenched, is turned on in the presence of aptamer-targeted exosomes.B ecause detection of the afterglowt akes place after the excitation, background signals are minimized, leading to an improved limit of detection that is nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that of fluorescence detection in cell culture media. Also, ASPNC can be easily tailored to detect different exosomal proteins by changing the aptamer sequence.T his enables an orthogonal analysis of multiple exosome samples,p otentially permitting an accurate identification of the cellular origin of exosomes for cancer diagnosis.

Sponge-like N-doped carbon materials with Co-based nanoparticles derived from biomass as high efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.

Water management is important for the bipolar plates of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and active drainage is a desirable feature for the design of bipolar plate channels. Herein, inspired by natural micro-nanostructures, a triple bioinspired surface has been fabricated, which combines the advantages of both superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces. The superhydrophobic surface (FZnO@CA-GS) is prepared by PFTS (perfluorodecyl trimethoxysilance) coating on ZnO nanosheet-decorated arrays of microscale cylinders manufactured by photolithography, and second-round photolithography is used to convert the superhydrophobic surface into a surface with wedged superhydrophilic patterns (WSPs). Then, the water transport performance has been investigated for the WSP, where the square of the initial velocity of the droplet is found to be proportional to the wedge angle from both the theoretical calculation and experimental data. Subsequently, an index of the R value representing the flow state of droplets has been introduced to determine the optimal values for the geometrical parameters of triple-bioinspired surface (TBS) in flow channels. Such a triple bioinspired strategy affords a promising approach to fabricate bipolar plate channels with the function of self-driven water transport for PEMFC. The use of the R value in optimization may also offer insights into the design of other micro-nanostructures.