Background There are only a few studies on sex hormones in females of different ages suffering from depression, and their conclusions are not uniform until now. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the severity of depression in females and factors such as sex hormones and differences in sex hormone levels in females of different ages, exploring variations after treatment. Methods A total of 169 females with depression were selected and divided into the first-episode (91 cases) and recurrent (78 cases) groups. Then, on the basis of their age, the first-episode patients were divided into the young (48 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (20 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (23 cases, age > 55 years); the patients with recurrent depression were classified into the young (37 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (19 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (22 cases, age > 55 years). The patients were assessed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases of mental and behavioral disorders. The serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the patients were measured, and differences in sex hormone levels of the groups were analyzed. Results The estradiol level was negatively correlated with age and the prolactin level was positively correlated with occupation. The severity of depression in females was found to be negatively correlated with age. The serum progesterone and estradiol levels in the young group were significantly higher than those in the elderly group, regardless of the first episode or recurrence. Estradiol levels in the perimenopausal and elderly groups with first-episode depression were significantly higher than those in the same group with recurrent depression. However, there was no significant difference in the serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the recurrent group before and after treatment. Conclusions Sex hormone levels, especially estradiol, varied among females of different ages suffering from depression. Recurrent depression also has a certain effect on sex hormone levels in females. Not only should the age and relapse be considered when studying the sex hormone levels of females with depression, but also attention should be paid to whether the patients have used antidepressants before their sexual hormonal testing.

Objectives Few studies have examined whether a certain sleep disorder could have an impact on eating behavior. We, thus, examined whether insomnia, one of the most common sleep disorders, was associated with the frequency of night eating. Methods Included were 74,147 adult participants (52.2 ±14.2 years, 82.3% men) of the Kailuan Study, an ongoing Chinese cohort, who completed survey questions on sleep and diet quality in 2014–2015. Insomnia status (yes/no) was assessed using a Chinese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale. Night eating was assessed via a questionnaire and participants who reported eating at night were further asked for night eating frequency (times per week). Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of having night eating (yes/no) across insomnia status. General linear models were used to compare the mean and 95%CI of night eating frequency between participants with vs without insomnia. We adjusted for age, sex, baseline baPWV, total energy intake, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, physical activity, marriage status, occupation, education level, alcohol consumption, smoking status, body mass index, use of antihypertensive or antidiabetic drugs, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, sleep duration, and snoring in the multivariate model. Results Of the 74,147 participants, 2267 were categorized as having insomnia. The adjusted OR of having night eating behavior for participants with insomnia, compared to those without insomnia, was 1.75 (95% Cl: 1.56–1.96) in the multivariate-adjusted model. Insomnia was also positively associated with more frequent night eating behavior (adjusted difference = 0.29/wk, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions People with insomnia were more likely to have night eating. Funding Sources The Penn State University and the start-up grant from the college of health and human development and the department of nutritional sciences, Penn State University.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dissociative experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychiatric symptoms exhibited by schizophrenic patients 35 years after the Tangshan earthquake.Methods: Seventy-one schizophrenic patients who had experienced the Tangshan earthquake were selected and evaluated by the Post-traumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire (PDEQ), thPTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Results:The score of Group B (re-experiencing symptoms) in PCL-C was significantly positively correlated with age and significantly negatively correlated with the course of schizophrenia. Both gender and marriage were significantly positively correlated with the score of PCL-C Group D (irritability symptoms caused by hyperarousal).The PDEQ score was negatively correlated with thecourse of schizophrenia and positively correlated with the presence of sleep difficulties. Significant differences were found between the PCL-C scores of the positive and negative symptoms of the three core symptom groups; the positive rate of Group B was significantly higher than that of Group D, and the positive rate of Group C was significantly higher than that of Group D. The PCL-C total score was positively correlated with the negative symptom factor score of PANSS; Group C's symptoms were significantly negativelycorrelated with the positive factor score of PNASS; andGroup D's' symptoms were significantly negatively correlated with the PANSS total score and the positive factor score. Conclusion:When consiering patients with schizophrenia post the Tangshan earthquake, age, gender, and marital status were all positively correlated with PTSD. The course of schizophrenia was negatively associated with PTSD and dissociative experiences. PTSD was positively correlated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and negatively correlated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus, the conditions and symptoms of PTSD may interact with those of schizophrenia.Wenyou Ma, Rong Lei, and Yan Sun contributed equally to this work.