Amnestic mild cognitive impairment MCI (aMCI) has a high progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) has been increasingly utilized in studying the pathogenesis of aMCI, especially in resting-state networks (RSNs). In the current study, we aimed to explore abnormal RSNs related to memory deficits in aMCI patients compared to the aged-matched healthy control group using RS-fMRI techniques. Firstly, we used ALFF (amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation) method to define the regions of interest (ROIs) which exhibited significant changes in aMCI compared with the control group. Then, we divided these ROIs into different networks in line with prior studies. The aim of this study is to explore the functional connectivity between these ROIs within networks and also to investigate the connectivity between networks. Comparing aMCI to the control group, our results showed that 1) the hippocampus (HIPP) had decreased FC with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and the mPFC showed increased connectivity to IPL in the default mode network; 2) the thalamus showed decreased FC with the putamen and HIPP, and the HIPP showed increased connectivity to the putamen in the limbic system; 3) the supplementary motor area had decreased FC with the middle temporal gyrus and increased FC with the superior parietal lobe in the sensorimotor network; 4) increased connectivity between the lingual gyrus and middle occipital gyrus in the visual network; and 5) the DMN has reduced inter-network connectivities with the SMN and VN. These findings indicated that functional brain networks involved in cognition such as episodic memory, sensorimotor and visual cognition in aMCI were altered, and provided a new sight in understanding the important subtype of aMCI.

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element for plants. Wild soybean (Glycine soja) expresses higher tolerance to P-limited environment compared to cultivated soybeans (Glycine max). In this study, the response of ionomics and metabonomics in young and old leaves of two soybean varieties under low P were studied. Our results showed that the tolerance of low P in wild soybean can be improved by promoting the accumulation of Mg2+, Fe3+, and SO42- in young and old leaves and the transportation of NO3− and H2PO4− from old to young leaves. The young and old leaves of wild soybean under low P accumulated sugars including maltose and sucrose, amino acids including asparagine and glutamine, and nitrogenous compounds including tyramine, and enhanced the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, especially in young leaves, but decreased the content of hexose-phosphate metabolites. Our experiment indicated that wild soybean can tolerate low P by enhancing the energy metabolism in young and old leaves, promoting the transportation and reuse of sugars and amino acid metabolites from old to young leaves, and mobilizing Pi from hexose-phosphate of old leaves to young leaves. Our results provide a new insight for the cultivation of new soybean varieties with tolerance to P deficiency.