Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a tropical C4 crop that originated in Ethiopia and was domesticated there. It is the fifth most widely grown cereal crop in the world. It is a vital staple crop for more than 500 million people in 30 Sub-Saharan African and Asian nations, although it is mostly farmed as a feed crop in the developed world. In a breeding program, the presence of genetic variety is critical. For sorghum breeding and novel cultivar deployment, the genetic variation present in sorghum germplasm collections is frequently investigated. Effective breeding and genetic conservation may need a well-characterized sorghum genetic resource. The level of trait heritability is linked to the genetic development of breeding populations for yield and its component traits. The amount of genetic variability contained in a population and how it is used determines the success of a crop improvement effort. A breeder's understanding of a crop's genetic diversity usually aids them in selecting desirable parents for breeding programs. As a result, it's critical to examine genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic progress since they provide information that can be used to improve grain yield as well as quality qualities to increase crop production and productivity.