Abstract-As more and more Base Stations (BSs) are being deployed by mobile operators to meet the ever increasing data traffic, solutions have to be found to try and reduce BS energy consumption to make the BSs more energy efficient and to reduce the mobile networks' operational expenditure (OPEX) and carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, a BS sleeping technology deployable in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is proposed. The proposed scheme is validated by using extensive OMNeT++/SimuLTE simulations. From the simulations, it is shown that some lightly loaded micro BSs can be put to sleep in a HetNet when the network traffic is very low without compromising the QoS of the mobile network.

The snowballing of many different electronic gadgets connected to different networks and to the internet is a clear indication that the much-anticipated internet of things (IoT) is fast becoming a reality. It is generally agreed that the next generation mobile networks should offer wireless connection to anything and anyone with a proper enabling device at any time leading to the full realization of IoT. Device-to device (D2D) communication is one technology that the research community believes will aid the implementation of the next generation of mobile networks, specifically 5G. Full roll out of D2D is however being impeded by the resulting interference. This chapter looks at the state-of-the-art research works on interference management technologies proposed for device-to-device communications. A comprehensive analysis of the proposed schemes is given and open challenges and issues that need to be considered by researchers in D2D communication for it to become a key enabler for 5G technology are highlighted and recommendations provided.

The internet of things (IoT) revolution is affecting a wide range of academic and industrial disciplines in positive ways. Consumer applications like smart home devices and wearables are giving way to mission-critical applications like public safety, emergency response, industrial automation, self-driving cars, and the internet of medical things. This chapter provides an overview of the internet of things as well as its history. Even though the IoT market is booming, several obstacles are keeping the technology from reaching its full potential. Many of the issues that exist are highlighted and clearly explained in this chapter, with the goal of making it easier for a wide range of scholars/researchers to provide feasible solutions to the challenges. Businesses who embrace IoT ideas and learn to harness the data generated by the internet of things will survive and thrive in the future.

The snowballing of many different electronic gadgets connected to different networks and to the internet is a clear indication that the much-anticipated internet of things (IoT) is fast becoming a reality. It is generally agreed that the next generation mobile networks should offer wireless connection to anything and anyone with a proper enabling device at any time leading to the full realization of IoT. Device-to device (D2D) communication is one technology that the research community believes will aid the implementation of the next generation of mobile networks, specifically 5G. Full roll out of D2D is however being impeded by the resulting interference. This chapter looks at the state-of-the-art research works on interference management technologies proposed for device-to-device communications. A comprehensive analysis of the proposed schemes is given and open challenges and issues that need to be considered by researchers in D2D communication for it to become a key enabler for 5G technology are highlighted and recommendations provided.

This research work presents a power control mechanism developed for ProSe-enabled sensors so that the sensors can be smoothly integrated into the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks. It is strongly anticipated that 5G networks will provide an enabling environment for the 21st century innovations like the internet of things (IoT). Sensors are pivotal in IoT. The proposed power control mechanism involves an open loop power control (OLPC) mechanism that a ProSe-enabled sensor has to use to establish communication with a base station (BS) and a closed loop power control (CLPC) the BS then has use to establish transmit power levels for devices to be involved in a device to device (D2D) communication depending on the prevailing channel conditions. The results obtained demonstrate that the developed scheme does not adversely affect the quality of service (QoS) of a 5G mobile network.