In this work, different thermomechanical treatment conditions were used to improve the mechanical performances of Ti-25Nb-8Sn. During cold rolling treatment (50, 75, and 90 %), as-cast Ti-25Nb-8Sn underwent a stress-induced phase transformation from a single β phase to a three-phase structure of α + β + ωstr. After the subsequent aging treatment, Ti-25Nb--8Sn presents three-phase β + α + ωiso (at 250 and 400 • C, for 30 min) and two-phase β + α (at 600 • C, for 30 min). At lower aging temperatures (250 and 400 • C), yield strength/modulus (× 1000) ratios of Ti-25Nb-8Sn are dramatically improved with a maximum increase of 143 %, from 9.06 (as-cast) to 16.2-22.0. Under various thermomechanical treatment conditions in this study, the results show that Ti-25Nb-8Sn has excellent yield strength/modulus (× 1000) ratio (∼ 22) and corrosion resistance after 90 % cold rolling and subsequent aging treatment at 250 and 400 • C for 30 min. K e y w o r d s : titanium alloys, biomaterials, cold working, aging, hardness

Bladder scan was firstly used in the ambulatory management protocol for acute urinary retention (AUR) in Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) emergency department (ED) since 2012. Bladder scan measurement was performed immediately after triage for early catheterisation in the new protocol for AUR. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of bladder scan in estimating the volume of urinary retention. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the change in unnecessary catheterisation rate and the change in door to catheterisation time (DTCT) after the implementation of new protocol. Setting: Emergency department of a regional hospital. Methods: Male patients over 40 years old presenting to the ED of PMH for difficulty to void within the study period were enrolled and managed according to the study protocol. Agreement analysis was carried out by the Bland and Altman method. The changes in DTCT were assessed by comparing data of current study and historical control. Results: A total of 121 male patients were recruited. The bias between bladder scan readings and catheterised volume was 26.09 ml when the average bladder scan measurement and catheterised volume was 300ml. The 95% upper and lower limit were-95.82 ml and 151 ml, respectively. The relative risk reduction of unnecessary catheterisation was 90.9%. The absolute risk reduction was 8.26%. Number need to treat was 12 (95% CI 8-30). The DTCT of current study were shorter than that of historical control (DTCT: 22.85 minutes vs. 48.42 minutes; p<0.001). Conclusions: Agreement between bladder scan readings and catheterised volume is satisfactory. Bladder scan can serve as a device to facilitate nurses to make decision on early catheterisation for AUR patients with presumed diagnosis of benign prostatic hypertrophy. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21:300-307) 目的： 2 01 2 年以來，瑪嘉烈醫院急診科(ED)首次在急性尿瀦留(AUR)病人應用膀胱掃描非住 院治理方案。在新方案，病人分流後立即進行膀胱掃描測量，以便安排早期插管導尿。本研究的主要目 的是評估膀胱掃描在估計尿瀦留量的準確度。次要目的是評估新的方案實施後，不必要的導尿率及到診 至導尿時間(DTCT)的變化。場所：某區域醫院急診科。方法：在研究期間，招收 40 歲以上因排尿 困難到診瑪嘉烈醫院的男患者，並根據研究方案治理。用布蘭德和奧特曼方法分析同意度。通過對照目 前的研究及歷史數據，評估 DTCT 的變化。結果：共招募了 121 例男性患者。當膀胱掃描測量和導尿量 平均為 300 毫升，膀胱掃描讀數和導尿量之間的偏差為 26.