During this 2-year study of consecutive patients with a tranvenous lead undergoing TEE, lead-associated masses were found in 14% of patients. In 72% of patients, the mass did not prove to be secondary to infectious causes. Thus, masses attached to a device lead should be interpreted in the overall clinical context and, in the absence of concomitant evidence of endocarditis, should not mandate device and lead removal.

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Ultrasound contrast-enhanced stress echocardiography improves endocardial visualization, but diagnostic test rates versus stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) have not been studied. A prospective randomized trial was performed between April 2012 and October 2014 at a single-center, safety net hospital. Hospitalized patients referred for noninvasive stress imaging were randomized 1:1 to stress echocardiography or stress MPI. The primary outcome was diagnostic test rate defined as interpretable images and achievement of >85% of age-predicted maximal heart rate (for dobutamine and exercise). Rates were assessed among those completing testing and then based solely on image interpretability. Charges and length of stay were secondary outcomes. A total of 240 patients were randomized, and 229 completed testing. Diagnostic test rates were similar for stress echocardiography versus MPI {89.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 82.2–94.4] vs. 94.8% [95% CI, 89.1–98.1], P = 0.13} and did not differ with multivariable adjustment. Modalities requiring a diagnostic heart rate criteria were more frequently ordered with stress echocardiography (100% vs. 26%; P < 0.001). Therefore, an imaging-based analysis without the 12 individuals who failed to achieve target heart rate (n = 217) was evaluated with diagnostic test rates of 100% versus 94.8% (95% CI, 89.1%–98.1%; P = 0.03) for stress echocardiography and MPI, respectively. Median length of stay did not differ. Median (interquartile range) test-related charges were lower with stress echocardiography: $2,424 ($2400–$2508) versus $3619 ($3584–$3728), P < 0.0001. Overall, tests were positive for ischemia in 8% of patients. In conclusion, contrast-enhanced stress echocardiography provides comparable diagnostic test rates to MPI with lower associated charges.