Infeksi virus corona baru, pertama kali terdeteksi pada akhir Desember 2019, dengan jumlah kasus terkonfirmasi lebih dari 33 juta kasus dan lebih dari 900.000 kematian dilaporkan. Terdefinisi sebagai pandemi, dan belum ada “obat khusus” yang dianggap dapat mengatasinya. Salah satu pendekatan terapeutik yang sedang dievaluasi dalam berbagai uji klinis adalah saat ini adalah remdesivir,telah disetujui oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM sebagai obat Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) sebagai opsi  penggunaan darurat Tujuan penulisan ini untuk memberikan gambaran tentang penemuan remdesivir, mekanisme aksi, dan penelitian terkini yang mengeksplorasi efektivitas klinisnya. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pencarian sumber data PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct dan Cochrane hingga November 2020 dengan kata kombinasi kata kunci Convalescent Plasma”; “SARS-CoV-2”, Virus Corona dan dibatasi pada jurnal berbahasa Inggris. yang mengulas penemuan remdesivir, mekanisme kerja, farmakokinetik, farmakodinamik, dan efikasi uji klinis remdesivir dalam pengobatan pasien COVID-19. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa remdesivir memiliki efek klinis yang baik setelah 10 hari pengobatan pada pasien COVID-19.Kata Kunci: COVID-19, EUA, Remdesivir, SARS-CoV-2 The new coronavirus infection identified at the end of December 2019 and is receiving a lot of attention around the world. Globally, the number of confirmed cases has increased to more than 33 million cases and more than 900,000 deaths have been reported. This condition is defined as a pandemic situation, and so far no "special drug" is believed to be able to overcome it. One therapeutic approach currently being evaluated in various clinical studies is remdesivir. This drug is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM) as Emergency Medicine (EUA). This emergency option for remdesivir is considered a promising option for treating patients with COVID19. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of recent studies investigating the discovery of remdesivir, its mechanism of action, and its clinical efficacy. The survey method was conducted by searching the data sources of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane until November 2020. Researchers limit literary studies to English journals. The results of 1000 articles searched that met the selection criteria were 10 articles examining the results of remdesivir, its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the efficacy of clinical remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID 19. The conclusion of this study is that remdesivir has a good clinical effect 10 days after treatment of patients with COVID19.

Introduction: Prophylactic antibiotic therapy has an important role in facilitating optimal postoperative healing. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals will increase the cost of therapy and the incidence of nosocomial infections of infectious microorganisms. Preoperative prophylactic antibiotics are believed to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections. Objective: This study aims to determine the pattern of antibiotic use and analyse the use of antibiotics qualitatively by the Gyssen method and quantitatively by the defined daily dose (DDD) method in inpatients with bone fractures at the Haji General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study conducted on 89 samples. Data were collected retrospectively through medical records in the period January-December 2019. Antibiotic use data were then analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using the Gyssen and DDD methods. Results: In this study, the antibiotic that was widely used as a prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic in patients with bone fractures was ceftriaxone. Quantitative analysis using the DDD method showed that the value of ceftriaxone was 45.6/100 patient-days and cefazoline was 3.1/100 patient-days. Analysis of antibiotic use in bone fracture patients using the Gyssen method showed that the rational use of antibiotics was 84.3%, the use of antibiotics was not timely as much as 4.5%, and the interval of antibiotic administration was not appropriate as much as 11.2%. Conclusion: the use of antibiotics in fracture surgery patients is classified as rational use of antibiotics but the use of antibiotics still exceeds WHO standards. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct a similar study with prospective data collection so that it can observe the incidence of surgical wound infection.