This article presents the results of a geophysical survey conducted in the Sowie Mountains within the Walim commune (Poland) in order to verify the discovery of the 'Underground Town' of Riese. Project Riese was the biggest mining and construction project of Nazi Germany. The facility was designed as a convenient and secure location for a headquarters, an armaments factory, and warehouses for goods stolen during World War II. The discovery was made in 2015 with the application of the mysterious KS-700 apparatus, the same as was used to 'discover' the 'Gold Train', which is ground penetrating radar (GPR) according to the manufacturer. It was one of the reasons why the verification surveys of the underground sites and the KS-700 apparatus made use of the GPR method. The depth range of the GPR method was limited to 5 m due to the strong attenuation of electromagnetic waves. It was thus concluded that the underground structures detected by the 'discoverers' were probably a result of apparatus errors, in which near-surface reflections are received repeatedly and recorded as returning from a depth far greater than the actual object. Therefore, the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method proved to be conclusive. The three obtained characteristics and extremely high-resistivity anomalies indicated the existence of underground tunnels. A thorough analysis of the results and acquired data, as well as of the literature, has proven that it is impossible to interpret them unambiguously as data from the subsurface but as a result of the influence of the surrounding objects. At other sites where the KS-700 apparatus recorded numerous 'underground cavities', the ERT cross-sections did not yield a correlated image. Additionally, neither the analysis of the local geological structure with regard to the existence of an underground town nor the drilled boreholes confirmed the 'discoverer's' results. K E Y W O R D S 'Underground Town'-Riese, ambiguity of interpretation, archaeology, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), geophysics, ground penetrating radar (GPR)
Streszczenie. W pracy podjęto próbę zastosowania georadaru do badań nasypów drogowych dla wybranego fragmentu autostrady A4 w rejonie Łańcuta. Celem wzmocnienia słabonośnego podłoża gruntowego pod autostradą zastosowano warstwy zagęszczonego tłucznia, określanego w normach branżowych jako "materac". Projekt budowlany obejmował założenia techniczne dotyczące położenie 50-centymetrowej warstwy podbudowy z tłucznia. Na etapie terenowej realizacji projektu, tłuczeń był wgniatany w grunt rodzimy. W konsekwencji niekorzystne warunki geotechniczne spowodowały zwiększo-ne jego zużycie o około 30%, co spowodowało wzrost kosztów budowy fragmentu autostrady. Na materacu z tłucznia ułożono warstwę nasypu o miąższości od 1,0 do 3,0 m. Weryfikacja zwiększonych kosztów budowy wymagała inwentaryzacji wybranych zakresów powierzchniowych "materaca". Prezentowane w pracy badania dotyczą określenia parametrów podłoża gruntowego pozwalających na pomiary konstrukcji nasypów drogowych z zastosowaniem aparatury georadarowej. Prace badawcze wykonano na odcinku autostrady A4. Dotyczyły pomiaru grubości warstwy tłucznia wzmacniającej podłoże rodzime.Słowa kluczowe: budowa autostrady, georadar, wzmocnienie pasa drogowego
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