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Goadby and Goadby (5, 6) have demonstarted that exsanguination of a foot by means of an Esmarch bandage will diminish the skinresistance response with no effect on the uniphasic negative wave of the skin-potential response. The effects of exsanguination on the positive wave of the skin-potential response and the effects on skin-resistance and -potential base levels were not described. Carmichael et al.(1), recording skin resistance only from the finger, confirmed their observation of the effect of exsanguination on the amplitude of the skin-resistance response. Because of the significance of Goadby and Goadby's results for determining the local neurophysiological mechanism of skin bioelectrical activity, further study of the effects of exsanguination was the purpose of this study.The procedure used in Goadby and Goadby's experiment was not described in detail, but they apparently made simultaneous recordings of skin resistance and potential with electrode combinations on the palm and dorsuin of the hand and sole and dorsuin of the foot. A switching arrangement was used for recording either skin resistance or potential from the hand or foot. Thus, with exsanguination of the foot, the hand was used as the control area. In the present experiment skin resistance alternating with skin potential were recorded from both feet simultaneous!}' before, during, and after exsanguination of one foot by an Esmarch bandage. The effects of exsanguination were assessed by comparing base levels and response amplitudes and wave forms under these conditions. The results confirm the differential effects of exsanguination on the skin-resistance response and negative wave of the skinpotential response reported by Goadby and Goadby, but also show that exsanguination abolishes the positive wave of the skinpotential response and has inconsistent effects on skin-resistance and -potential base levels.In the interpretation of these results, the 1 This study was supported by research funds from the Board of Control of the State of Nebraska. role of oxygen reduction to the skin appeared to be an obvious factor for consideration. This is suggested by the work of Granit (7), who has shown that reduction of oxygen supply to the retina brought about by compression of the carotid artery will abolish the positive "b" wave of the electroretinogram with no effect on the other wave forms. As the various studies of the effects of arterial occlusion on the skin-resistance response have yielded conflicting results (3), and as the effects on skin potential have apparently not been investigated, the effects of arterial occlusion were also studied. The same procedure was used as in the main study except that the Esmarch bandage was used to produce arterial occlusion without exsanguinating the limb, and the results show only slight effects on the skin-resistance response and no effects on the skin-potential response. METHODThe procedures with exsanguination and arterial occlusion were the same except as noted at the end of this section. InstrumentationTwo-chan...

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39 children in a psychiatric hospital were tested on 2 types of learning tasks and several performance tasks before, during, and after a 4-week period on chlorpromazine or placebo, the types of medication being assigned randomly in a double-blind design. Medication was controlled according to clinical criteria. Paired-associate learning was less efficient under chlorpromazine, especially on later learning trials and among initially slower learning Ss. Serial learning and tapping rate showed less consistent trends. Porteus Maze Mental Age scores declined under chlorpromazine, while Q scores on the same test tended to improve. No drug effect was noted on remote or immediate memory. The results were tentatively interpreted in terms of impairment of attention span by chlorpromazine.