The phenomenon of street children as represented by modern urban environment is one of the most complex and serious challenges facing humanity (Kaime, 2008). Street children comprise of a vulnerable and marginalized population in most towns and cities in the world which is an alarming and escalating globally. According to (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, 2007), global statistics reveals thatit is more prominent in Latin America, Asia and Africa. In South America alone, there are at least 40 million street children with majority living on the streets of Mexico City, in Asia, 25 million children and Europe approximately 26 million while the estimates in most countries have fluctuated widely. In Brazil for example close to 200,000-1 million between ages of 10years to 18 years survive on the streets with range of activities including; hawking, drug peddling, theft, and prostitution. (Mitchell, 2006). This trends not only applies to Brazil but other cities worldwide. Within Africa for instance (UNICEF ,2010) estimated that there are over 32 million children living on the streets in the African region as a result of poverty, abuse, political turmoil and HIV/AIDS. It is estimated that 450,000 children live on the streets of Ethiopia and 35,000 in Sudan, Angola 10,000, Ghana 30,000 and Zambia 1.5 million children. Kenya is estimated to anchor more than 300,000 children and youth on the streets. Of this, over 60,000 children are estimated to be living on the streets in Nairobi. Habitually, they end up on the streets as a result of the demise of their parents, sexual abuse, violence, neglect, divorce in the family and

Kenya introduced Digischool to public primary schools to prepare children for today’s digital world attracting a cyber-threat landscape. Utilising a descriptive cross-sectional design within a concurrent mixed approach, the study examined the relationship between digital literacy intervention and online child abuse among primary school children in Langata sub-county. Targeted, were children between 9 and 17 years from private and public primary schools, teachers, parents and policy makers and child protection officers. Godden’s formula informed purposive and random sampling of 384 respondents, plus a 10% (423) respondents for Key Informant interviews and focused discussions. Quantitative and qualitative data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis with the help of SPSS version 22 and Nvivo version 12 respectively. The study revealed stakeholders intervened in online child abuse at various levels using a number of strategies.  The study revealed a significant relationship between the type of school and exposure to online. Since the p-value (0.000) was less than alpha (0.05) and we conclude there was a significant relationship between the type of school and exposure to online child abuse.  There is need for a systems thinking and concerted multi-sectorial approach to improvement of digital literacy hence protecting children online.

Background to the Study Internationally the participation of women in political leadership is constantly becoming smaller according to Women Watch, (2015) with the current Global average of female parliamentarians being 19.5%. This falls below the 30% 1995 Beijing global target which was to be attained by the year 2005. Presently, women's representation in legislatures around the world is (21.9%) according to Dudman, (2014) with only twelve countries where women hold 33% or more seats in the parliaments (Lijphart, 2012). Despite comprising of over half of the world's population, women continue to be less represented as voters, political leaders and elected officials (House, 2014). As of January 2019, 11women are serving as Head of States and 10 are serving as Head of Governments (UN Women 2019).

Purpose: This study sought to examine the influence of case management on the resilience of adolescents living with HIV in Kibra Sub-County, Nairobi, Kenya. Mainly, the study aimed to assess the effect of the healthy domain, safe domain, schooled domain, and stable domain interventions on the resilience of adolescents living with HIV in Kibra Sub-County. Methodology: The study was anchored on Resilience Theory, Empowerment Theory, and Case Management Model and adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. The study used a sample size of 165 adolescents living with HIV aged between 10-19 years and 16 key informants. A stratified sampling technique was used to select adolescents living with HIV, while key informants were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The study used questionnaires and interview guides to collect data. Findings: It is observed that case management interventions explained 80.0% of the resilience of adolescents living with HIV. More importantly, the study found that healthy domain, safe domain, schooled domain, and stable domain interventions had a positive and significant effect on the resilience of adolescents living with HIV in Kibra Sub-County. The case management interventions contributed significantly to the resilience of adolescents living with HIV in informal settlements. The most significant predictor of resilience was stable domain interventions, followed by schooled domain interventions, safe domain interventions, and healthy domain interventions. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that organizations or facilities dealing with adolescents living with HIV need to strengthen health education training, viral load monitoring, assisted disclosure, and follow-ups and bolster basic counselling, enhanced adherence counseling, and life-skill training. They should also support needy adolescents with sanitary pads and school fees/levies, monitor school attendance, provide relief food support to families experiencing emergencies, and provide career guidance and business and vocational/technical training. The findings contribute significantly to project management since all development projects aim to build the resilience of beneficiaries and enable them to become self-reliant. In order to support the findings that successful case management contributes to higher resilience and improved wellbeing, the researcher invites more research to identify other variables under case management intervention.