In light of the expansion of deforestation in the Amazon and its importance for the balance and maintenance of essential conditions for human well-being, research is required to serve as a basis for decision-making regarding the preservation and recovery of Amazonian ecosystems. Considering the difficulty of studying the entire biodiversity of an ecosystem, research has been focused on key groups that can provide reliable and effective ecological information. Among the several existing species that are effective for such studies, ants deserve special attention because of their great ecological importance regarding the performance of key functions, in addition to being sensitive to environmental changes. To synthesize the information available in the literature, this paper presents a bibliographic review of the articles published on ants in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 177 articles that covered a period of 52 years were found, with a significant increase in publications since the 2000s. Noticeably, there were a large number of studies based in the states of Amazonas and Pará, mainly near the capitals, which emphasizes the need to significantly expand the research collection areas. Most articles were published in the area of ecology, mainly concerning ecological interactions. Despite the advances in studies concerning Amazonian ants, there is still a lack of standardization regarding the sampling methods. In addition, there is a lack of studies that address the functional diversity of this group, which limits our understanding of the ecosystem services that are being lost owing to anthropogenic activities in natural ecosystems.