The earliest attempt to find a relationship between the ABO blood groups and disease was that of Alexander (1921). From a study of 50 malignant neoplasms he concluded that groups B and AB were peculiarly susceptible to various forms of neoplasm and that 0 was more stable or resistant, but admitted that his figures were too small for the susceptibility of group A to be discerned. He found that neoplasms in B and AB groups were severe and rapidly growing, while those in groups 0 and A were of low malignancy and of long duration.In the same year Buchanan and Higley (1921)

Objectives To define pregnancy episodes and estimate gestational age within electronic health record (EHR) data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). Materials and Methods We developed a comprehensive approach, named Hierarchy and rule-based pregnancy episode Inference integrated with Pregnancy Progression Signatures (HIPPS), and applied it to EHR data in the N3C (1/1/2018-4/7/2022). HIPPS combines: 1) an extension of a previously published pregnancy episode algorithm, 2) a novel algorithm to detect gestational age-specific signatures of a progressing pregnancy for further episode support, and 3) pregnancy start date inference. Clinicians performed validation of HIPPS on a subset of episodes. We then generated pregnancy cohorts based on gestational age precision and pregnancy outcomes for assessment of accuracy and comparison of COVID-19 and other characteristics. Results We identified 628,165 pregnant persons with 816,471 pregnancy episodes, of which 52.3% were live births, 24.4% were other outcomes (stillbirth, ectopic pregnancy, abortions), and 23.3% had unknown outcomes. Clinician validation agreed 98.8% with HIPPS-identified episodes. We were able to estimate start dates within one week of precision for 475,433 (58.2%) episodes. 62,540 (7.7%) episodes had incident COVID-19 during pregnancy. Discussion HIPPS provides measures of support for pregnancy-related variables such as gestational age and pregnancy outcomes based on N3C data. Gestational age precision allows researchers to find time to events with reasonable confidence. Conclusion We have developed a novel and robust approach for inferring pregnancy episodes and gestational age that addresses data inconsistency and missingness in EHR data. Lay Summary The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) provides researchers a unique opportunity to use electronic health record data from more than 12 million individuals from over seventy healthcare systems across the U.S. to study the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and women’s health. However, doing research with electronic health record data from different sources can be challenging as data can often be reported in many ways and formats. To address this challenge, we developed an approach known as Hierarchy and rule-based pregnancy episode Inference integrated with Pregnancy Progression Signatures (HIPPS) that can 1) find the start and end of a pregnancy, 2) infer whether the pregnancy resulted in a live birth or pregnancy loss, and 3) determine the gestational age at the end of pregnancy. We observed from a subset of data that our approach had high agreement with how clinicians would collect this information from electronic health records. When applying our approach on all the data in N3C, we identified 816K pregnancies from 628K individuals. Of these individuals, 62K had COVID-19 during pregnancy. Our research demonstrates that our HIPPS approach can enable COVID-19-related research in pregnancy with electronic health record data.

A powerful longitudinal data source, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Children data, allows measurement of behavior problems (BP) within a developmental perspective linking them to menarcheal timing (MT). In a preliminary analysis, we evaluate the bivariate relationships between BP measured at different developmental periods and the timing of menarche. Correlations were not consistent with any correlational/causal relationship between BP and MT. In the major part of our study, MT was used to moderate the developmental trajectory of BP, within a genetically-informed design. Girls reaching menarche early had behavior problem variance accounted for by the shared environment; those reaching menarche with average/late timing had behavior problem differences accounted for by genetic variance. Our findings match previous empirical results in important ways, and also extend those results. A theoretical interpretation is offered in relation to a theory linking genetic/shared environmental variance to flexibility and choices available within the family in relation to BP.

No abstract

SYNOPSISThe results of an investigation show that there is no statistically significant excess of blood group A in cases of carcinoma of the oesophagus or in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia.It has been shown that an association, based on large numbers of cases, exists between the ABO blood groups and gastro-duodenal disease. However, there have been a few reports only of the distribution of the ABO blood groups in oesophageal carcinoma. This paper adds a further 272 cases. CARCINOMA OF THE OESOPHAGUS