Introduction: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with a large reduction in the number of attendances at emergency departments (EDs) in March 2020 in the United Kingdom (UK). We sought to identify which patient groups attended EDs least. Methods: Single-centre before and after study. We used routine administrative data from March 2020 and compared this to a composite control of March 2019 and February 2020. Results: Mean daily attendance fell by 30% from 342 patients per day in the composite control months to 242 patients per day in March 2020. Reductions in attendance were seen in almost all patient groups but were greatest in patients with injuries, those referred by another clinician, those arriving at the weekend, and in patients who received no investigations. Multivariate analysis revealed that the proportion of patients who were admitted to hospital fell, despite the patients being sicker, older, needing more investigations, and more likely to arrive by ambulance. Discussion: The reduction in ED attendances seen in the early phases of the UK pandemic occurred in all patient groups, but was greatest in the lower acuity patients. Reasons for this are complex and likely to be multifactorial.

This article is a description of using a heatmap technique to study how patrons use different spaces in a health sciences library at a large, urban research university. Objective: This method is used to identify preferred seating locations within the library. Approach: This method involves counting where patrons are situated in the library at different times of the day, at different times of the year, and using that data to generate heat maps. Data type(s) used: The data consisted of locations and counts of patrons around the library at different time points. Strengths: Provides a granular look at space use in the library. Limitations: It is difficult to know why patrons prefer different sections of the library.

This paper examines prospects for visualizing historical bibliography, which studies the history of books and the people, institutions, and machines surrounding them. These studies have potential for revealing not only the history of knowledge production, but also for examining the evolving structures used to organize, catalog, and conceptualize that knowledge. This paper presents a case study in history of philosophy using data from the largest bibliography in the field, which was parsed to extract structured information about each work and its subject heading. Such data reveal (1) the emergence of particular topics across time and space, (2) transmission of ideas as measured through publication location and version information, and (3) the topical shifts in the field over time as reflected by subject classification of texts. Together, these statistical, geospatial, and network visualizations explore the potential of historical bibliography within the digital humanities.

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