We review the managerial concepts of goals, objectives, and values, and their importance and function in fisheries management. Fishery management is a process aimed at accomplishing predetermined goals and objectives. Throughout the history of fisheries management, goals have been rarely stated explicitly or have been stated in generalized terms of "best" or "wise" use with no supporting objective statements. Goals are ideals, major accomplishments, ends, or states of affairs to be achieved. They direct a manager's planning, development of strategies, and direction of his or her organization's activities. Objectives operationally support goals and are measurable, verifiable statements of intermediate tasks that must be accomplished for goal attainment. Objectives help define goals, identify conflicting activities, guide elements of the decision-making process, and ensure accountability of personnel within an organization. Without clearly defined goals and supporting objectives, goal displacement often occurs. Goal-and objective-setting are influenced by values. Values are personal standards as to what is good or bad, fair or unfair, and hence influence our decisions. The more incongruent the participants' values are in an organization, the more difficult it is to determine and reach an organization's goals and objectives. Values influence the allocation process: How much is allocated? Who gets what? The fisheries management process suffers from the lack of recognizing the roles and dynamics of goals, objectives, and values in effective fisheries management. We conclude that not understanding these concepts and their interactions is a major factor in causing conflicts in the fisheries management process.

During 1984 and 1985, 67 adult Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus with surgically implanted radio transmitters were released at their summer feeding areas in three river systems of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. We tracked the fish from aircraft to determine patterns of autumn migration to overwintering locations. During August or September in each area, fish left the small tundra streams where they were tagged and migrated into larger streams. Migration rates peaked at 5–6 km/d about 1 September and averaged 1 km/d. Fish in two river systems moved into adjacent rivers after passage through estuarine waters. Migration distances from spawning or summer feeding areas to overwintering sites were as great as 101 km. Potential overwintering areas determined from transmitter relocations included deep pools, spring‐fed areas, and lakes. Management problems associated with these extensive seasonal migrations may include the maintenance of the species migratory circuit in a region that may face future development.

This study describes a pattern of circulus spacing on the scales of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. which has not been reported previously. The average distance between circuli formed during the second year of ocean growth is much less than that of first year or in subsequent years. This pattern was persistent for fishes of two river systems, six year-classes and two age groups (2.2 and 2.3) and was due to summer growth. Statistical analyses were conducted only on age 2.2 fish because of small sample sizes in four of the six years for age 2.3 fish. There were significant (P

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