No abstract

No abstract

ehloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, the generic name of the active insecticidal principle. Theoretically there are forty-five possible dichlorodiphenvltrichloroethanes. However, the term "DDT" is confined to the product obtained on condensation of chloral (or its alcohólate or hydrate) with chlorobenzene in the presence of sulfuric acid.At the present time (spring 1915) three grades of DDT are recognized by the War Production Board and the armed forces of this country-technical DDT, purified or aerosol DDT, and pure DDT. As its name implies, technical DDT is a commercial grade complying with all the specifications outlined in the Joint Armv-Navv Specifications (JAN-D-.36A, Mar. 16, 1945). As will be shown in this report, it is a complex mixture containing upwards of 70% of l-trieliloro-2,2-bis-%chlorophenyl) -ethane (hereinafter called p,jr-DDT) (I), the major impurity being the o,p'-DDT isomer, 3 -trichloro-2-o-clilorophcuyl-2-/)chlorophenvlethane (II).

Rationale: Cleavage of the extra-cellular domain of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) yields a soluble fragment (sPRR). Although changes in plasma sPRR levels have been reported in hypertension, the causal role of sPRR in blood pressure (BP) regulation is unknown. Objective: Determine the role of sPRR in BP regulation at baseline and following Ang-II induced hypertension. Methods and Results: CRISPR-Cas9 was used to mutate the cleavage site of the PRR such that sPRR is not generated. Because the gene encoding PRR is on the X-chromosome and male mutant sPRR mice are infertile, only male mice were studied. Mutant sPRR mice had virtually undetectable plasma sPRR levels compared to littermate controls. Mutant sPRR mice had normal survival and development and no apparent histological abnormalities in the kidney, heart or aorta despite lower body weight. During normal Na+ intake, no differences in food or water intake, urinary water or Na+ excretion, or acid-base status were observed between control and mutant sPRR mice. Compared to controls, mutant sPRR mice had lower BP at baseline and an attenuated hypertensive response to 2 weeks of Ang-II infusion (400 ng/kg/min) which was partially reversed by infusion of mouse recombinant sPRR. Mutant sPRR mice also had lower albuminuria, renal tubular injury and oxidative stress relative to control mice post Ang-II infusion. Further, mesenteric arteries from mutant sPRR mice displayed reduced Ang-II-induced vasocontraction and greater acetylcholine, but not sodium nitroprusside, evoked vasorelaxation under baseline conditions. Conclusions: Loss of sPRR reduces BP at baseline and decreases Ang-II induced hypertension and renal injury. These effects of sPRR loss are associated with greater endothelium-dependent but not independent vasorelaxation of resistance-sized arteries.

The athlete with a meniscal injury can be returned to activity quickly and safely with appropriate treatment and rehabilitation. When injuries occur in the relatively avascular inner zones of the meniscus, partial meniscectomy is usually the treatment of choice. The rehabilitation programme should emphasise decreasing inflammation, restoring motion, increasing strength, and safe return to competition. This can begin preoperatively and progress through a phased programme which allows the athlete to participate in goal setting and advancement. By outlining the different phases of knee rehabilitation, the athlete and support team (coach, parent, trainer, therapist, physician) can progress to and plan appropriate return to sport. During this process, preventive measures for reinjury can be addressed, thereby maximising performance and safety.