The western Greater Caucasus formed by the tectonic inversion of the western strand of the Greater Caucasus Basin, a Mesozoic rift that opened at the southern margin of Laurasia. Subsidence analysis indicates that the main phase of rifting occurred during the Aalenian to Bajocian synchronous with that in the eastern Alborz and, possibly, the South Caspian Basin. Secondary episodes of subsidence during the late Tithonian to Berriasian and Hauterivian to early Aptian are tentatively linked to initial rifting within the western, and possibly eastern, Black Sea and during the late Campanian to Danian to the opening of the eastern Black Sea. Initial uplift, subaerial exposure, and sediment derivation from the western Greater Caucasus occurred at the Eocene‐Oligocene transition. Oligocene and younger sediments on the southern margin of the former basin were derived from the inverting basin and uplifted parts of its northern margin, indicating that the western Greater Caucasus Basin had closed by this time. A predominance of pollen representing a montane forest environment (dominated by Pinacean pollen) within these sediments suggests that the uplifting Caucasian hinterland had a paleoaltitude of around 2 km from early Oligocene time. The closure of the western Greater Caucasus Basin and significant uplift of the range at approximately 34 Ma is earlier than stated in many studies and needs to be incorporated into geodynamic models for the Arabia‐Eurasia region.

Complex environmental controls have influenced deposition of the Gråklint Beds, a prospective oil- and gas-prone Late Triassic (Mid-Carnian) source rock in the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland. The identification of a Late Triassic source rock is significant for hydrocarbon exploration in the North Atlantic region. Detailed sedimentological analysis, biostratigraphy and geochemical analysis provide insights into the controls on source rock development and have wider implications for palaeoclimatic trends and palaeogeographical reconstructions of the North Atlantic at this time. The Gråklint Beds were deposited in a predominantly lacustrine setting during a phase of climatic cooling that can be ascribed to the ‘Mid-Carnian Pluvial Event’. This further extends the evidence for the global effect of such climatic perturbations and furthermore highlights the potential for the use of climatic events for global and regional correlation between varying environmental settings. Evidence is also recorded for marine ingression, which resulted in the precipitation of magadiite (NaSi 7 (OH) 3 .3H 2 O) and the brief influx of a marine fauna. This provides the most southerly record of marine influence from the Boreal Ocean at this time and has important implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and correlation in the region.

Oligo-Miocene outcrops along the southern margin of the western Greater Caucasus preserve a record of sediments shed from the range into the northern and central parts of the Eastern Black Sea. Sandstones in the Russian western Caucasus are significantly more quartz-rich than those located farther SE in western Georgia. The latter contain appreciably more mudstone and volcanic rock fragments. Oligo-Miocene turbidite systems derived from the Russian western Caucasus in the Tuapse Trough and central Eastern Black Sea may therefore form better-quality reservoirs at shallow to moderate depths than sediments derived from west Georgian volcaniclastic sources in the easternmost part of the basin. Palynomorph analysis indicates sediment derivation predominantly from Jurassic and Cretaceous strata in the Russian western Caucasus and from Eocene strata, and an increasing proportion of Cretaceous strata upsection, in western Georgia. An Eocene volcaniclastic source is proposed for the increased rock fragment component in west Georgian sandstones. Eocene volcaniclastic rocks are no longer exposed in the Greater Caucasus, but similar rocks form the inverted fill of the Adjara–Trialet Basin farther south in the Lesser Caucasus. The former presence of a northern strand of this basin in the west Georgian Caucasus is supported by earlier thermochronological work.Supplementary material:A sample data table, petrographic data table, petrographic key, QFL sandstone compositional plot and palynomorph reworking Stratabugs™ charts are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18662.

Fault block basins exposed along NE Greenland provide insights into the tectonic evolution of East Greenland and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. We present a new geological map and cross sections of the Traill Ø region, NE Greenland, which formed the western margin of the Vøring Basin prior to Ceno zoic seafloor spreading. Observations support a polyphase rift evolution with three rift phases during Devonian-Triassic, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Cenozoic time. The greatest amounts of faulting and block rotation occurred during Cenozoic rifting, which we correlate with development of the continent-ocean transition after ca. 56 Ma and the Jan Mayen microcontinent after ca. 36 Ma. A newly devised macrofaunal-based stratigraphic framework for the Cretaceous sandy mudstone succession provides insights into Jurassic-Cretaceous rifting. We identify a reduction in sedimentation rates during the Late Cretaceous; this corresponds to a transition from structurally confined to unconfined sedimentation that coincides with increased clastic sedimentation to the Vøring and Møre Basins derived from East Greenland. With each rift phase we record an increase in the number of active faults and a decrease in the spacing between them. We attribute this to fault block rotation that leads to an excess build-up of stress that can only be released by the creation of new steep faults. In addition, we observe a stepwise migration of deformation toward the rift axis that we attribute to preexisting lithospheric heterogeneity that was modified during subsequent rift and post-rift phases. Such observations are not readily conformable to classic rift evolution models and highlight the importance of post-rift lithospheric processes that occur during polyphase rift evolution.

The stratigraphy of the latest Triassic through to the earliest Cretaceous of the Portland-Wight Basin and its adjacent areas may be subdivided using petrophysical (gamma-ray and interval transit time) criteria, in association with gross lithology to allow a total of 50 lithological units to be recognized. Three units occur within the latest Triassic, 46 in the Jurassic and one in the earliest Cretaceous. The lithostratigraphy can be integrated into a biostratigraphic template using published data and subsequent observations based on micropalaeontology (ostracods, foraminiferids) and palynology (dinocysts, miospores). Throughout the study area recognition of major lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic events enables the chronostratigraphic framework of the basin to be determined, which has aided identification of regional stratigraphic breaks throughout much of the Portland-Wight Basin, including haitii in proximity to the Pliensbachian-Toarcian and the Aalenian-Bajocian boundaries, and also within the Late Oxfordian. Although the majority of the lithostratigraphic events have been deduced to be isochronous, a number of lithological units exhibit significant diachroneity.