Background Mobile technologies are a useful platform for the delivery of health behavior interventions. Yet little work has been done to create a rigorous and standardized process for the design of mobile health (mHealth) apps. This project sought to explore the use of the Information Systems Research (ISR) framework as guide for the design of mHealth apps. Methods Our work was guided by the ISR framework which is comprised of 3 cycles: Relevance, Rigor and Design. In the Relevance cycle, we conducted 5 focus groups with 33 targeted end-users. In the Rigor cycle, we performed a review to identify technology-based interventions for meeting the health prevention needs of our target population. In the ISR Design Cycle, we employed usability evaluation methods to iteratively develop and refine mock-ups for a mHealth app. Results Through an iterative process, we identified barriers and facilitators to the use of mHealth technology for HIV prevention for high-risk MSM, developed ‘use cases’ and identified relevant functional content and features for inclusion in a design document to guide future app development. Findings from our work support the use of the ISR framework as a guide for designing future mHealth apps. Discussion Results from this work provide detailed descriptions of the user-centered design and system development and have heuristic value for those venturing into the area of technology-based intervention work. Findings from this study support the use of the ISR framework as a guide for future mobile health (mHealth) app development. Conclusion Use of the ISR framework is a potentially useful approach for the design of a mobile app that incorporates end-users’ design preferences.

Note: This study investigated six dimensions of effective board performance, as suggested by Chait, Holland, and Taylor (1991) E XTENSIVE RESEARCH and practice in nonprofit governance is based on the premise that well-performing boards coincide with well-performing organizations. Herman and Renz (2000) recognized that effective boards improve organizational performance, although the mechanisms of that change are not yet understood. The empirical assessment of both board and organizational performance has been challenging, making accurate understanding of these concepts difficult. Herman, Renz, and Heimovics (1997, p. 374) state that "the major challenge in the study of board effectiveness is the lack of criteria for defining and measuring board effectiveness. The elusiveness of board effectiveness is further aggravated by the elusiveness of organizational effectiveness for nonprofit organizations." Existing research has found significant relationships between board and organizational effectiveness, but much work remains to be done to establish the nature and causal direction of these relationships (Herman and Renz, 1999;Stone and

Nonprofit organizations rely on the mission to attract resources and guide decision making. Increasingly, mission statements are recognized as a strong management tool that can motivate employees and keep them focused on the organization' s purpose. This research investigated employee attitudes toward the mission in a youth and recreation service organization. In general, the employees expressed positive attitudes toward the organization' s mission, and those attitudes were related to employee satisfaction and intentions to remain with the organization. However, dissatisfaction with pay tended to override employee' s mission attachment as explanation of why they may leave the organization. The implication is that mission might be salient in attracting employees but less effective in retaining them.T HE CORE of every nonprofit organization is its mission (Angelica, 2001;Glasrud, 2001). More than a statement or a symbol, the mission is a tool that provides a clear, compelling statement of purpose that the organization disseminates both internally and externally. A mission statement helps define an organization, expressing its values and envisioning its future simply and clearly. Often, the mission statement attracts clients, donors, funders, employees, and volunteers to an organization. Experts recognize that relying on the mission as a management tool is an effective strategy to improve performance in nonprofits (Drucker

Background Over two decades of research has been conducted using mobile devices for health related behaviors yet many of these studies lack rigor. There are few evaluation frameworks for assessing the usability of mHealth, which is critical as the use of this technology proliferates. As the development of interventions using mobile technology increase, future work in this domain necessitates the use of a rigorous usability evaluation framework. Methods We used two exemplars to assess the appropriateness of the Health IT Usability Evaluation Model (Health-ITUEM) for evaluating the usability of mHealth technology. In the first exemplar, we conducted 6 focus group sessions to explore adolescents’ use of mobile technology for meeting their health Information needs. In the second exemplar, we conducted 4 focus group sessions following an Ecological Momentary Assessment study in which 60 adolescents were given a smartphone with pre-installed health-related applications (apps). Data Analysis We coded the focus group data using the 9 concepts of the Health-ITUEM: Error prevention, Completeness, Memorability, Information needs, Flexibility/Customizability, Learnability, Performance speed, Competency, Other outcomes. To develop a finer granularity of analysis, the nine concepts were broken into positive, negative, and neutral codes. A total of 27 codes were created. Two raters (R1 & R2) initially coded all text and a third rater (R3) reconciled coding discordance between raters R1 and R2. Results A total of 133 codes were applied to Exemplar 1. In Exemplar 2 there were a total of 286 codes applied to 195 excerpts. Performance speed, Other outcomes, and Information needs were among the most frequently occurring codes. Conclusion Our two exemplars demonstrated the appropriateness and usefulness of the Health-ITUEM in evaluating mobile health technology. Further assessment of this framework with other study populations should consider whether Memorability and Error prevention are necessary to include when evaluating mHealth technology.