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At some point in the distant past, teaching undergraduate psychology was straightforward. A college professor with a doctorate in psychology gave lectures to a group of young people whose main occupation was being a student. Today, psychologists' vision of what it means to be a quality instructor of psychology has expanded as the contexts in which psychology is taught have become more varied and complex (see chaps. 4 and 5, this volume). The instructor's level of expertise in the discipline, knowledge of and preparation for effective teaching, past experience in teaching roles, personal and cultural identity, and institutional context all combine to complicate the picture. Instructors face different challenges, have different strengths and weaknesses, have access to different resources, and require different forms of support to perform well in their role.Graduate programs in psychology will serve their students well by preparing them for this complex educational environment with an academic background in teaching per se and professionally supervised teaching experiences. There is much more to being a successful teacher than knowing more 29

Male and female students ( N = 114) in introductory psychology rated pictures of bearded and nonbearded men on characteristics associated with masculinity. Bearded men were rated significantly higher on masculinity, aggressiveness, dominance, and strength. The results are discussed in light of apparently contradictory evidence which suggests that bearded men are seen as less desirable than nonbearded men.

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While important limitations to capacity exist in Ghana, the overall situation is good compared to other LMICs. Many of the challenges encountered resulted from insufficient PACU and CCU provisions and few providers. Inadequate outcomes reporting made analysis and resolution of problem areas difficult. While many shortcomings stemmed from limited funding, strengthening physician commitment to overseeing care, ensuring oxygen supplies are uninterrupted, keeping ventilators in working order, and making vital signs monitors ubiquitously available are feasible ways to increase patient safety with the tools currently in place.