The monitored atmospheric electric elements a t Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, have provided good evidence of a direct solar influence on some of the electric elements recorded at the mountain observatory. An analysis of the data has shown that following a solar flare eruption, both the air-earth conduction current and the electric field, measured during fair weather at Mauna Loa, usually exceeded their established normal values.For the 1-year measurement period from September 1960 t o September 1961, nearly one-third of the days werc considered as "disturbed" solar days due t o solar flare activity. The mean value of the air-earth conduction current and the electric field on "disturbed" solar days exceeded that of the "quiet" solar days by about 10 percent.During the month of duly 1961, a period of spectacular solar activity, the highest sustained values of the year for the air-earth current and the electric field were recorded with the normal 24-hr. values being exceeded by as much as 35 percent, and for one 6-hr. period following a multiple flare burst, by 75 percent.The influence of corpuscular solar radiation on the earth-ionosphere electric circuit and upon the global thunderstorm activity are discussed.
RF distinct native attribute (RF-DNA) fingerprinting is introduced as a means to uniquely identify embedded processors and other integrated circuit devices by passively monitoring and exploiting unintentional RF emissions. Device discrimination is accomplished using RF-DNA fingerprints comprised of higher-order statistical features based on instantaneous amplitude and frequency responses as a device executes a sequence of operations. The resultant fingerprints are input to a Multiple Discriminant Analysis/Maximum Likelihood (MDA/ML) processor for subsequent device discrimination. Using devices from a given manufacturer and experimentally collected side channel signals, 90-100% identification accuracy is achieved for SNR ≥ 12 dB for devices with identical part numbers from the same production lot. Depending on the level of required classification accuracy, RF-DNA fingerprinting is well-suited for realistic environments and practical operating distances. Applications of device RF-DNA fingerprints include supplementary physical layer authentication of secure tokens (e.g. smart cards), detection of counterfeit electronic devices or unauthorized modification, and forensic attribution of a device's unique identity in criminal or other investigations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.