The world of physical medicine and rehabilitation still believes that exercise is medicine. Muscle mass will naturally decrease with aging, 3–8% every decade after a person turns 30 years old, getting worse over the age of 50 years, which is 5–10% every decade. Some studies state that for healthy people, resistance training (RT) performed 2–3 times per week with 12–20 total sets of exercises will add muscle mass. The addition of 1.4 kg of muscle mass was accompanied by the disappearance of about 1.8 kg of fat. RT plus aerobic exercises (AE) complemented with caloric resistance (CR) can result in a reduction of 5.1 kg or 7.1% of fat. Some research papers state that for stable CAD patients starting with 3 months of AE followed by an RT program of 40–60% intensity 1x RM, 1–2 sets, 8–10 repetitions, 2–3 days per week, duration not more than 60 minutes. Recommendation for a person with intellectual disability can be simple and harmless RT tools. The prescription for COVID-19 survivors consists of AE for 5 to 30 minutes with low to moderate intensity, plus 1–2 sets of RT, 8–10 reps at 30–80% 1xRM.
“Bihormonal hypothesis” is disturbances of both insulin and glucagon in diabetes mellitus. It resulted in a high blood glucose level. Interestingly, as one of Diabetes Mellitus’s risk factors and metabolic disorders, obesity may also play role in altering homeostasis and regulation of glucose metabolism in blood and its utilization in tissues. Unfortunately, there is limited information about the alteration of glucagon levels in various degrees of obesity. This research objective is to learn the plasma glucagon levels alteration in pre-obese, obese, and very obese persons in Jatinangor in 2015. We had observed 31 obese female subjects in one village. This study was conducted using descriptive quantitative with cross-sectional design. Blood vein samples from the left arm were collected, stored, and transferred to Dr.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Glucagon plasma was measured by the ELISA method. We discovered an interesting pattern that showed a correlation between glucose level and the glucagon level in a very obese group. We observed average glucose level is declined and linearly associate with the glucagon level from pre obese to obese and to very obese group. The average level of glucagon in the pre-obese group is 158.62 pg/mL, the obese group is 149.99 pg/mL, and the very obese group is 111.98 pg/mL.
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