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The purpose of this paper is: (1) To review the rationale of measuring operator workload in terms of auxiliary, or secondary task performance scores; (2) To summarize the important characteristics of suitable loading tasks; (3) To describe several loading tasks which have been used or which are potentially useful; and(4) To suggest the development of a set of standardized tasks which would be useful in obtaining more nearly comparable measures over a wide range of primary tasks.

The assurance technique is a fundamental component of the assurance ecosystem; it is the mechanism by which we assess security to derive a measure of assurance. Despite this importance, the characteristics of these assurance techniques have not been comprehensively explored within academic research from the perspective of industry stakeholders. Here, a framework of 20 "assurance techniques" is defined along with their interdependencies. A survey was conducted which received 153 responses from industry stakeholders, in order to determine perceptions of the characteristics of these assurance techniques. These characteristics include the expertise required, number of people required, time required for completion, effectiveness and cost. The extent to which perceptions differ between those in practitioner and management roles is considered. The findings were then used to compute a measure of cost-effectiveness for each assurance technique. Survey respondents were also asked about their perceptions of complementary assurance techniques. These findings were used to establish 15 combinations, of which the combined effectiveness and cost-effectiveness was assessed.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of friction and inertia levels on the “feel” of rotary controls. Detection thresholds for changes in friction and inertia were determined and found to be about 10 to 20 per cent of the initial values. Preference ratings obtained for various combinations of friction and inertia increased as a function of inertia level and decreased as a function of friction level. Preferences for viscous friction were greater than for stick-slip friction. Psychophysical evaluations such as these are related to customer acceptance factors and provide a useful supplement to purely functional design criteria.