Utility designs and construction proceedures must consider permafrost and the results of its thawing in Arctic areas. Utilities, especially those that are heated, can have an extremely detrimental effect on frozen ground which, in turn, will have a serious impact on other surface or buried facilities. Critical soil properties and soil temperature profiles must be measured or estimated. The decision must be made on whether to go above or below ground with lines and whether to go active or passive construction.

Orthodontic appliances can take advantage of favourable growth in adolescents to achieve treatment goals. However in the elderly where growth potential is modest, tooth movement is still highly feasible and is a useful adjunct to multidisciplinary treatment. Orthodontic treatment of the elderly normally involves limited objectives with goals customised to the patients concerns and functional needs. This case report demonstrates that orthodontic treatment of the elderly is possible and can improve the function and aesthetics of the dentition and thus increase their quality of life.

A scientific team aboard the R/V Maurice Ewing conducted a fine‐scale examination of the hydrogeology of two areas of active venting in Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Earlier expeditions had identified moderate‐to‐high temperature vent activity at the two sites, as well as by‐products of hydrothermal processes: sediment alteration; massive, disseminated sulfide deposits; and extensive vent faunal communities. Preliminary analyses of new data reflecting fluid, heat, and chemical fluxes suggest that the flows are complex in their distributions, have a significant hydrothermal recharge within the vent areas, and may be more vigorous than previously thought.

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