BackgroundThe global incidences of dengue virus have increased the interest in studying and understanding the mosquito population dynamics. It is predominantly spread by Aedes aegypti in the tropical and sub-tropical countries in the world. Understanding these dynamics is important for public health in countries where climatic and environmental conditions are favorable for the propagation of these diseases. For this reason, a new model has been proposed to investigate the population dynamics of mosquitoes in a city.MethodsThe present paper discusses the numerical modeling of population dynamics of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in an urban neighborhood of a city using the finite volume method. The model describes how populations spread through the city assisted by the wind. This model allows incorporating external factors (wind and chemical insecticides) and topography data (streets, building blocks, parks, forests and beach). The proposed model has been successfully tested in examples involving two Brazilian cities (City center, Juiz de Fora and Copacabana Beach, Rio de Janeiro).ResultsInvasion phenomena of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have been observed in each of the simulations. It was observed that, inside the blocks, the growth of the population for both winged and aquatic phase causes an infestation of Ae. aegypti in a short time. Within the blocks the mosquito population was concentrated and diffused slowly. In the streets, there was a long-distance spread, which was influenced by wind and diffusion with a low concentration of mosquito population. The model was also tested taking into account chemical insecticides spread in two different configurations. It has been observed that the insecticides have a significant effect on the mosquito population for both winged and aquatic phases when the chemical insecticides spread more uniformly along all the streets in a neighborhood of a city.ConclusionsThe presented methodology can be employed to evaluate and to understand the epidemic risks in a specific region of the city. Moreover the model allows an increase in efficiency of the existing mosquito population control techniques and to theoretically test new methods before involving the human population.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2829-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Existem várias abordagens sobre a invasão e busca de controle da dengue. O trabalho de Dufourd e Dumont [1] tem por objetivo desenvolver um modelo matemático para simular a dispersão do mosquito Aedes albopictus e seu controle levando em conta os parâmetros ambientais (vento, temperatura, localização). Os autores usam ferramentas de controle biológico, como a Técnica do Inseto Estéril que consiste na introdução de um grande número de insetos estéreis. Eles fazem simulações numéricas para a dispersão do mosquito e testam diferentes cenários para o controle da doença.Uma solução de uma equação diferencial parcial (EDP) que pode ser escrita na forma u(ξ) e chamada solução na forma de uma onda viajante, onde a variável ξ = x − cté dita variável viajante e c (constante)é a velocidade de propagação. Utilizaremos este tipo de solução neste trabalho, que transforma uma EDP em uma equação diferencial ordinária (EDO). Assim, encontrar a solução da EDO na forma de uma onda viajante equivale a encontrar a solução da EDP correspondente.Com esta forma de solução, destacamos o trabalho de Maidana e Yang [5] que determinam a existência de soluções em forma de ondas viajantes, em processos de invasão do mosquito Aedes aegypti. Os autores propuseram um modelo matemático baseado na difusão espacial da dengue por meio de um sistema de EDP de Reação e Difusão, relacionando as populações humanas e de mosquitos. A taxa de disseminação da doençaé determinada pela aplicação das soluções de ondas viajantes para o sistema correspondente de EDP. Formulação do problema:Passamos agora, para a descrição do ciclo de vida do mosquito da dengue. Focando nossa atenção numa escala espacial urbana onde um processo (local) de difusão
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