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Exposure to novel environments is known to induce c-fos expression in the cingulate cortex and dorsomedial striatum. This study examined the effects of 1, 3, and 7 days of exposure to sequential exposure to three novel environments. It was hypothesized that the ability of novel environment shuttling (NES) would induce c-fos expression as indicated by cells displaying FOS-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the striatum and cingulate cortex which would decrease with repeated exposure. NES elicited FLI in both the cingulate cortex and striatum when compared to home-cage controls and this effect was attenuated with repeated exposure. Behavioral measures of activity decreased with repeated exposure suggesting that the decrease in FLI may be due to either a reduction in motor activity or increasing familiarity with the environments.

Increased maladaptive behaviors and parenting stress were evident in children with feeding disorder regardless of the presence of comorbidity. Parenting stress was exacerbated by the presence of comorbidity.

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