Because horsenettle and tall ironweed are difficult to control in cool-season grass pastures, research was conducted in Tennessee and Kentucky in 2010 and 2011 to examine the efficacy of aminocyclopyrachlor on these weeds. Aminocyclopyrachlor was evaluated at 49 and 98 g ai ha−1alone and in mixtures with 2,4-D amine at 371 and 742 g ae ha−1. Aminopyralid was also included as a comparison treatment at 88 g ai ha−1. Treatments were applied at three POST timings to horsenettle and two POST timings to tall ironweed. By 1 yr after treatment (YAT) horsenettle was controlled 74% with aminocyclopyrachlor plus 2,4-D applied late POST (LPOST) at 98 + 742 g ha−1. By 1 YAT, tall ironweed was controlled ≥ 93% by aminocyclopyrachlor applied early POST (EPOST) or LPOST, at rates as low as 49 g ha−1. Similar control was achieved with aminopyralid applied LPOST. Both aminocyclopyrachlor and aminopyralid were found to reduce horsenettle and tall ironweed biomass the following year. Moreover, all LPOST applications of aminocyclopyrachlor alone or in mixtures with 2,4-D prevented regrowth of tall ironweed at 1 YAT. Based on these studies, a LPOST herbicide application in August or September when soil moisture is adequate is recommended for control of horsenettle and tall ironweed in cool-season grass pastures.

BACKGROUND LM is a devastating subarachnoid (SA) complication most commonly from breast, lung, melanoma, and gastrointestinal malignancies affecting 110,000 in the USA. Common therapies are radiation and SA/IV chemotherapy. Without treatment, survival is short with limited treatment options and better options urgently needed. 186RNL emits beta particles (with gamma-rays) with low dose rate and high radiation density. We report first results of the enrolling ReSPECT-LM phase 1/2a 186RNL-LM dose escalation trial. MATERIAL AND METHODS Preclinical syngeneic rat model animals were 186RNLtreated at day15 with intraventricular186RNL(0.689 mCi) providing mean CSF-radiation absorbed dose=1,136 ±226Gy. 50% control animals[unloaded liposomes] and 100%186RNL treated animals were alive at 14days. At 4 weeks, 75% control animals and 37.5% treated animals had died. Based on this preclinical data and 186RNL recurrent glioma human experience, a phase I/2a dose escalation ReSPECT-LM Trial was initiated to characterize safety/tolerability of a single intrathecal(IT) 186RNL administration. Following, to identify maximum tolerated/feasible doses, 186RNL anti-tumor activity as a single agent in LM patients (breast and NSCLC), characterize 186RNL pK & dosimetry via Ommaya delivery, determine the overall response rate (ORR) for 186RNL treated patients based on CSF/radiographic findings, and describe survival distribution. RESULTS ReSPECT-LM is enrolling and 1st patient dosed (6.6 mCi186RNL, 5ml) via Ommaya reservoir. The dose was well-tolerated with no complaints/AEs as of Day 28 following treatment. Imaging and CSF tumor cell assays at pre &post-dose were performed. 186RNL gamma imaging confirmed rapid, complete and durable SA dose distribution through168hours. Pre-dose CSF tumor cell count was 70.77 cells/ml and following treatment, 39.79 cells/ml at 24, and ~6 cells/ml at both 48 &168hours. CONCLUSION 186RNL’s unique formulation and characteristics may have promise for LM patients. An update of the ReSPECT-LM clinical trial will be provided.

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