This article presents a novel, tightly integrated pipeline for estimating a connectome. The pipeline utilizes magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) data to produce a high-level estimate of the structural connectivity in the human brain. The MR connectome automated pipeline (MRCAP) is efficient, and its modular construction allows researchers to modify algorithms to meet their specific requirements. The pipeline has been validated, and more than 200 connectomes have been processed and analyzed to date.

Research concerning pilot-in-the-loop handling qualities has traditionally assumed that a pilot is focused upon maintaining a specific parameter, such as aircraft attitude or normal acceleration. This assumption has resulted in many important results and, by modeling this type of pilot behavior, a significant amount of predictive ability. In spite of these successes, many aspects of pilot control remain very difficult to predict. It is hypothesized that pilots often engage in a previously unrecognized type of tracking, boundary-avoidance tracking, where the goal is to avoid a hazardous parameter, such as ground impact, or a routine limit, such as an assigned minimum altitude. A variety of Simulink ® models were built to study this phenomenon and it was found that treating the pilot gain as a function of the time to exceeding a given boundary can result in the type of control inputs typical of pilots in such situations, including the worst types of pilot-induced oscillations. Nomenclature K bm= maximum boundary gain t b = time to boundary t min = minimum time to boundary with no boundary feedback t max = time to boundary when boundary feedback is the maximum boundary gain, K bm τ b = time delay for boundary-avoidance feedback x b = displacement from boundary

Pilot-Induced Oscillations (PIOs) are potentially hazardous piloting phenomena in which a pilot's control-inputs and the aircraft control-responses have (for any of a number of possible reasons) become out of phase. During PIOs, aggressive over-controlling on the part of the pilot in order to overcome a perceived lack of control can lead to complete loss of aircraft control. This study shows data recorded from a Cognionics dry electrode system during actual flight exercises can be used on a second-to-second basis to classify whether a pilot was undergoing a PIO event or if a PIO was imminent. If such PIO predictions could be made with adequate accuracy and robustness in real-time, they could form the basis of systems aimed at detecting and/or mitigating PIOs.

No abstract

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) September SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) USAF Test Pilot School Air Force Flight Test Center 220 S Wolfe Ave SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORTBuilding 1220 Rm 144 NUMBER(S)Edwards AFB CA 93524 DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTA Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Pilot-induced oscillations (PIOs) have vexed many designers, scared many more flyers, and killed more than a few pilots and aircraft. In spite of decades of research and hundreds of lessons learned, hazardous PIOs remain a constant threat during most envelope expansion efforts. PIO prediction has assumed that all PIOs are essentially the same thing; a pilot maintaining a condition couples with the aircraft in a way that drives an oscillation. If the pilot's gains are high enough, the entire system is unstable and in severe jeopardy. The purpose of this paper is to challenge this assumption by describing how a previously unrecognized task, 'boundary tracking,' can explain some PIOs-especially the most hazardous sort. This new conception may lead to new methods of predicting, preventing, and recognizing the PIOs that present the greatest hazard to flight test and operational aircrew. Boundary tracking was conceived in an attempt to explain hazardous PIOs, but it may have predictive abilities in many areas of handling qualities design and testing. From minor PIOs such as pitch bobbles to the stop-to-stop PIOs that kill pilots and airplanes, pilots' attempts to avoid a condition may explain many events that pilots' attempts to maintain a condition cannot. Pilot-induced oscillations (PlOs) have vexed many designers, scared many more flyers, and killed more than a few pilots and aircraft. In spite of decades of research and hundreds of lessons learned, hazardous PlOs remain a constant threat during most envelope expansion efforts. PIO prediction has assumed that all PIOs are essentially the same thing; a pilot maintaining .a condition couples with the aircraft in a way that drives an oscillation. If the pilot's gains are ...