Pleistocene glaciation in the Commonwealth of Australia is confined to Tasmania and a small area on the mainland, chiefly in the Kosciusko plateau of New South Wales. Three glacial stages of decreasing intensity have been recognized—the Malannan, Yolande and Margaret Stages. These are characterized by ice cap, valley glacier and cirque conditions respectively. At its maximum the ice cover extended down to sea-level in western and southern Tasmania, but in New South Wales traces are not known below 1448 m. From consideration of snow line etc. it is estimated that during the maximum glaciation the temperature was about 13° F. (7.2° C.) lower than it is to-day.

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