Marantic valvular vegetations represent one form of vegetative nonbacterial endocarditis. While any of the cardiac valves may be involved, the mitral valve and/or aortic valve are the most common sites at which this process occurs. Underlying disease of a chronic nature is usually identifiable somewhere in the body, with malignant tumors collectively representing the most common underlying condition. Systemic arterial occlusion, usually multiple when present, may antedate the identification of an underlying malignant tumor.The gross nature of the vegetations requires histologic distinction from metastatic lesions of valves and from bacterial endocarditis. In some instances, the latter process may originate upon marantic vegetations.

No abstract

Two studies were carried out to compare verbal and behavioural measures of stealing and to investigate the effects of costs and benefits on stealing. In the first, 25 youths were interviewed and given opportunities to steal. The 10 who stole were not significantly more likely to say that they would steal in a hypothetical situation. In the second study, the behavioural experiments of Farrington and Knight (1979) on stealing from a “lost” letter were described to 10 subjects as hypothetical situations. Once again, there was little relationship between the verbal and behavioural results. Furthermore, the verbal results of the first study (the effects of costs and benefits on stealing) were not the same as those of the second. It is concluded that valid information about stealing can only be obtained in experiments in which actual stealing behaviour is studied.