We highlight the potential for paradoxical impacts of green infrastructure integrated with urban redevelopment. Absent directly addressing social inequalities in parallel efforts, green infrastructure may lead to negative health outcomes of disadvantaged residents, including eventual displacement. We present the research literature and reviews on this topic. We next highlight the case of recent in-migration of higher-income Whites and others in South Wilmington, Delaware, spurred on by high-end Riverfront redevelopment at Christina Landing. This migration may obscure how greening efforts-such as a new wetlands park to control area flooding-influence health outcomes in Southbridge, a low-income, African American neighborhood also within South Wilmington. The area's Census tract boundary, often used in both health and equity assessments, is shared by these distinctive communities. When viewed through the lens of inequality, greening can have multi-faceted impacts that structure health outcomes. We underscore the importance of the mitigation of its potentially harmful effects.

No abstract

America’s settlements have been carefully planned since colonial times. From the 1600s through the early 20th century our cities and towns were designed in compact, interconnected urban patterns modeled after the European cities known to early colonists. This settlement pattern is steeped in urban traditions that go back thousands of years and is very flexible and efficient. However, the rapid industrialization in the 19th century led to serious urban problems including pollution, poor sanitation, and abhorrent housing conditions for working class people. A new, uniquely American, form of development evolved in the early 20th century and greatly accelerated after World War II. This is known as the suburban pattern of development, which is characterized by the segregation of land uses, the dominance of single family detached housing, and nearly exclusive automobile access. While this development pattern has its benefits, and helped ease many of the problems of the previous era, it has created new social and health consequences. New Castle County’s rapid growth since 1950 has followed, and even epitomized, this suburban pattern. Today’s built environment in New Castle County (and indeed throughout the USA) has created several challenges for both planners and health professionals. These are beginning to be addressed in many creative ways to create modern, complete, and healthy communities.

No abstract