No abstract

The calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) and the calcitonin receptor (CTR) interact with receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) at the cell surface to form heterodimeric receptor complexes. CLR and CTR are members of the class II (family B) G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and bind calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) with similar affinities when coexpressed with RAMP1. The observation that various nonpeptide CGRP receptor antagonists display a higher affinity for the CLR/RAMP1 complex than for CTR/RAMP1 provided an opportunity to investigate the molecular determinants of the differential receptor affinities of these antagonists. A chimeric receptor approach was utilized to identify key domains within CLR responsible for conferring high-affinity antagonist binding. Initial chimera experiments implicated distinct regions within CLR as responsible for the affinities of structurally diverse CGRP receptor antagonists. Dissection of these key regions implicated amino acids 37-63 located in the amino terminus of CLR as responsible for the high-affinity interaction of one structural class, while transmembrane domain (TM) 7 was responsible for the interaction of a second class of antagonist. A unique binding interaction in the amino terminus of CLR is consistent with the observation that these compounds also interact with the extracellular region of RAMP1 and could suggest the formation of a binding pocket between the two proteins. Conversely, a compound which interacted with TM7 did not display a similar RAMP1 dependence, suggesting an allosteric mechanism of antagonism. Collectively, these data provide insight into two alternative mechanisms of antagonism for this unique heterodimeric receptor complex.

In an ongoing effort to develop novel nonnucleoside, specific human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, a series of 3-[(pyridylmethyl)amino]- and 3-[(phenylmethyl)amino]-2-pyridinone derivatives was synthesized and tested for HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity. The more potent compounds have a 2'-methoxy group and 4'- and/or 5'-aliphatic substituents on the pyridyl and phenyl rings. Several of the more potent compounds were also evaluated for antiviral activity in MT-4 cell culture. From this series of compounds, 3-[N-[(5-ethyl-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-pyridyl)methyl]amino]-5-ethyl-6- methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (6) was selected for clinical evaluation.