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Foley Catheterization After Vaginal Plastic Surgery 7. Schiotz HA. Urinary Tract infections and bacteriuria after gynecological surgery. Experience with 24-hour Foley catheterization, lnt Urogynecol J 1994;5:345-348 8. Schi0tz HA. Pelvic laparotomy and 24-hour Foley catheterization. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (submitted) 9. Schi0tz HA. Voiding after gynecologic surgery: experience with 24-hours Foley catheterization. Int UrogynecolJ 1994;5:15-18EDITORIAL COMMENT: From this randomized prospective study it would appear that the time of catheter removal after anterior colporrhaphy with or without other repairs, or a Manchester procedure, is not important as regards the 161 incidence of either infection or retention. No prophylactic antibiotics or cholinergic medications were used. One unanswered question is the degree of retention manifested by these patients. The author defines retention as ~the need for intermittent catheterization at least once' if the patient was 'distressed or a bladder volume >500 ml was suspected'. We are not told what the catheterized volumes were. If the postvoid residual is defined as the inability to void with a truly full bladder during the postoperative period, the term retention is appropriate. However, without a knowledge of the retained volume or the actual bladder capacity it is difficult to interpret the true incidence of retention. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 171:647-652Follow-up evaluation was performed on 87 women who had had Burch colposuspension for stress urinary incontinence over the previous 5 years. All patients met strict criteria for surgery, including stress incontinence, mild pelvic relaxation, hypermobility of the urethrovesical junction and absence of detrusor instability. Preoperative evaluation was extensive and objective, as was the follow-up examination. The technique used two non-absorbable sutures on either side of the urethrovesical junction. Success of surgery was 42/52 patients (80.8%) with no prior surgery, 20/24 (83.3%) for those having one prior operation, and 9/11 (81.8%) for those having had two previous operations. Postoperative studies shows a longer urethral functional length at rest, increased urethral functional length at stress, and increased maximum urethral closure pressure at stress in successful patients. There was a decrease in maximum urethral closure pressure at rest and at stress, and in pressure transmission in the unsuccessful patients.

The p73 gene encodes a protein with substantial structural and functional similarities to the tumour‐suppressor p53. Alternative splicing of p73 mRNA leads to expression of 6 known RNA species and proteins (α, β, γ, δ, ϵ, ζ). We analysed the expression of these splice variants in ovarian adenocarcinoma by RT‐PCR followed by detection of amplicons with the Southern technique and by immunoblot in 32 malignant and benign epithelial ovarian tumour specimens and 3 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines (A2780, 2008, OVCAR‐3). p73α mRNA was expressed in all 17 ovarian cancer specimens, and 14 of 17 expressed at least 3 splice variants. In contrast, a different expression pattern was present in the ovarian adenomas: p73α was detected in 6 of 12 benign tumours, and only 1 adenoma expressed 3 splice variants. p73 protein was expressed in 9 of 16 ovarian cancer specimens, in all cell lines and in 1 of 3 borderline tumours. In contrast, none of 9 ovarian adenomas expressed detectable amounts of p73 protein. Expression of p73 mRNA and protein was not correlated with FIGO stage and histological grade, but we observed a significant correlation with over‐expression of p53 protein. In summary, epithelial ovarian cancers express a more complex p73 isoform pattern and higher levels of p73 mRNA and protein than ovarian adenomas. Int. J. Cancer 88:66–70, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Postmenopausal bone loss can be prevented by continuous or intermittent estradiol (E 2 ) administration. Concomitant progestogen therapy is mandatory in nonhysterectomized women to curtail the risk of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. However, the recurrence of vaginal bleeding induced by sequential progestogen therapy in addition to continuous estrogen administration is one of the reasons for noncompliance to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Tibolone, a synthetic steroid with simultaneous weak estrogenic, androgenic, and progestational activity, which does not stimulate endometrial proliferation, has recently been proposed for the treatment of climacteric symptoms. To compare the efficacy of conventional oral and transdermal HRT with that of tibolone in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss, 140 postmenopausal women (age, 52 ؎ 0.6 years; median duration of menopause, 3 years) were enrolled in an open 2-year study. Volunteers had been offered a choice between HRT and no therapy (control group, CO). Patients selecting HRT were randomly allocated to one of the following three treatment groups: TIB, tibolone, 2.5 mg/day continuously, orally; PO, peroral E 2 , 2 mg/day continuously, plus sequential oral dydrogesterone (DYD), 10 mg/day, for 14 days of a 28-day cycle; TTS, transdermal E 2 by patch releasing 50 g/day, plus DYD as above. Bone densitometry of the lumbar spine, upper femur, and whole body was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, and then 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after initiation of therapy. One hundred and fifteen women (82%) completed the 2 years of the study. The dropout rate was similar in each group. Over 2 years, bone preservation was observed in all three treatment groups as compared with controls, without significant differences among treatment regimens. In conclusion, tibolone can be regarded as an alternative to conventional HRT to prevent postmenopausal bone loss. (J Bone Miner Res 1997;12:806-812)

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