The hypothesis of an electromagnetic origin of idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI) attributed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has been widely investigated by provocation studies, which consist of deliberately exposing people with IEI-EMF in laboratory settings to particular EMF to observe volunteers' reactions. In the majority of these studies, reactions have been found to be independent of exposure. However, most of these studies suffer from design and methodological limitations that might bias their findings or reduce their precision. As provocation studies are best suited for isolating the effects of EMF, innovative protocols should be applied. In the ExpoComm project (PNREST Anses, EST/2017/2 RF/19), several innovations have been introduced: the involvement of people with IEI-EMF in the development of the protocol, the attenuation of the anxiogenic nature of the tests, the individualization of the protocol, the validation of the neutral or normal reactivity state before the test, and the use of a cocktail of real, rather than artificially generated, sources. The objective of involving people with IEI-EMF was to increase the relevance and acceptability of the protocol, while respecting technical constraints and scientific quality requirements. This paper describes the protocol resulting from the collaborative process. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41: 425-437.

INTRODUCTIONRadiocommunications between mobiles are expected to experience very large expansion over the next few years, and it is predicted that urban traffic will shift more and more to underground routes due to the space shortage in big cities. This explains the interest in radiotransmission in shadow areas such as tunnels and underground parkings.Radiopropagation inside electromagnetic shadow areas is burdened with strong attenuation, multipath, and the waveguide and masking effects. These particular conditions require specific solutions generally based on leaky cables. Appropriate system design can solve most problems encountered from 100 kHz up to more than 1 GHz.This paper begins with a brief description of the already existing applications of tunnel retransmission equipments and analyses the specific requirements of GSM retransmission. This last point is important for the RTI applications based on cellular radio developed in several DRIVE Projects.This work has been carried out in the framework of the European DRIVE 1 CERACS and DRIVE 2 ICAR Projects. [7] Up to now, tunnel retransmission equipments have been used in many countries for the following applications : 2. WORKING PRINCIPLES [4], [5], [6] andOne-wav . .

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