LDL-C is important to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease. LDL-C can be measured directly or by using the Friedewald equation. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients have tighter LDL-C target compared with normal population. This research is aimed to analyze the difference of LDL-C level measured by direct test and Friedewald equation in DM and non-DM. This research was a cross-sectional study using LDL-C data of 208 patients who were tested in Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hasanuddin University Hospital from a period of August 2015 to January 2016. LDL-C and other lipid were measured using ABX Pentra 400 meanwhile Friedewald LDL-C was calculated with equation LDLC= Total Cholesterol-HDL-C-(1/5 Triglycerides). Type 2 DM patients were diagnosed by ADA 2015 criteria or who had previous DM history. Friedewald LDL-C estimates lower than direct method (139.07+50.60 mg/dL vs 155.33+51.74 mg/dL, p=0.000). Delta of direct LDL-C and Friedewald equation measurement is higher in DM than non-DM patients (11.97+11.52% vs 8.49+11.27%, p=0.030) Fridewald LDL-C estimates LDL-C lower than direct method and the difference is wider in DM than non-DM. It is suggested to measure LDL-C directly in DM type 2 to reach the actual LDL-C target.

Progressivity of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with a condition of chronic inflammation. The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) has become a potential new marker of inflammation to detect chronic inflammation. This research aimed to determine NLR differences between controlled type 2 DM and uncontrolled type 2 DM groups. This research conducted an observational with a cross-sectional approach to 56 patients with type 2 diabetes. The identity, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory data of routine blood exam and HbA1c were carried out on each research subject, and then the NLR calculations were performed. The subjects were 20 (35.70%) controlled type 2 DM patients, 36 (64.30%) uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, consisting of 36 (64.30%) male and 20 (35.70%) females. The NLR value was statistically significantly higher in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients than controlled type 2 DM patients, which was 1.90±0.84 compared to 1.52±0.50 (p=0.035). There was a significant difference in the NLR value between the uncontrolled type 2 DM group and the controlled type 2 DM group.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Adiponectin causes a decrease in glucose transporter 4 translocation, which reduces glucose uptake due to downstream insulin signal delivery and decreases non-esterified fatty acids so that triglyceride synthesis decreases in pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between adiponectin and triglyceride levels in pregnancy, especially in a pregnant female with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted by measuring the levels of adiponectin and triglycerides in pregnancy, with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Researchers proved by analyzing 75 subjects, 24-28 weeks pregnant females who were examined at the primary health center and Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Adiponectin levels have a moderate negative correlation with triglycerides in pregnant females (r= -0.420 and p=0.002), a strong negative correlation with GDM (r = -0.680 and p=0.001), and moderate negative correlation (r= -0.455, and p=0.022) with those without GDM. Based on this research can be concluded that adiponectin has a moderate negative correlation with triglycerides in pregnancy, a strong negative correlation in pregnant females with gestational diabetes mellitus, and a moderate negative correlation in those without gestational diabetes.