Background: The prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) advertisements in non-English daily periodicals, weekly periodicals, and television in the United States is unknown. Additionally, it is unclear if the claims presented in these advertisements are validated. This study aims to compare the prevalence of DS advertisements and percent of validated claims in DS advertisements among popular English and non-English daily periodicals, weekly periodicals, and television. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving daily periodical, weekly periodical, and television advertisements for DS in English, Spanish, Chinese, and Korean in San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles Area, California, USA. Study outcomes are percent prevalence of DS advertisements, percent of claims in DS advertisements that made therapeutic claims, and percent of validated claims in DS advertisements. Claims in DS advertisements were validated by using the effectiveness rating of the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database and/or identifying a supporting randomized controlled trial (RCT). Results: The prevalence of DS advertisements across all three media outlets were 0 % in English, 0 % in Spanish, 14.8 % in Chinese, and 11.4 % in Korean. Across all three media outlets, DS advertisements were significantly more prevalent in both Asian languages than in English (p < 0.001). None of the products identified in English media outlets made a therapeutic claim whereas 18.6 % of products identified in non-English media outlets did. None of the claims in DS advertisements had an effective rating. Only one product identified in English media outlets had supporting data from an RCT. Conclusions: Our data suggest that DS advertisements are more common in Asian language media outlets than in English and Spanish language media outlets. Given the lack of validated claims in DS advertisements, rigorous evaluations of their claims should be carried out to guide and protect consumers.

This study provides relevant information on planning the content of sex education or reproductive health education for Chinese undergraduates.

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly prevalent among children worldwide. More than 40,000 children are estimated to suffer from ADHD, with the average prevalence rate reaching approximately 6.4% (Liu et al., 2018;Sayal et al., 2017). ADHD is a mental disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity; it interferes with cognitive and social development of children. These symptoms commonly manifest in children below 12 years of aged (National Institution of Mental Health, 2020). Children with ADHD have higher activity levels, combined with the inability to control their temper as compared with age-matched peers (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Children with ADHD face obstacles in social relationships and in academics, which parents perceive as a burden (Aili et al., 2015;Lan et al., 2015). In Hong Kong, parents are the main caregivers of children with ADHD (Lan et al., 2015).

Introduction: The elderly suicidal rate in Hong Kong is alarmingly high comparing with other western countries. The main caregiver experienced great stress after their old relatives had attempted suicide. Thus, an educational program for caregivers of older patients with history of suicidal ideation or suicidal was conducted in psycho-geriatric ward in Hong Kong. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program for caregivers of target patients. Objectives: 1. To assess the care needs of subjects so as to develop and implement an educational program for them. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of educational program. Methods: 8 caregivers of the patient who presented with suicidal idea or attempted suicide before current admission, and were diagnosed depression in study ward were recruited by convenience sampling. According to literature review, an educational program was developed and conducted. The pre-and-post quiz paper of education contents, caregiver strain index (CSI) and evaluation form of program arrangement were used to evaluated the program. Results: The CSI were significantly dropped in physical and psychological aspects and slightly dropped in future plan adjustment and financial burden. The post quiz scores revealed that most subjects had increased in knowledge about elderly suicide, depression and caring techniques. The evaluation forms results showed all subjects were satisfied with the program arrangement, educational contents and teacher, who was a registered nurse. Conclusion: The educational program was able to empower the caregivers of depressed elderly and ensure their contingency care in community after discharge.

Caregivers experience great stress when their old relatives have attempted suicide, are diagnosed with depression and are discharged after hospitalization. The stress is partly induced by the lack of elderly suicidal precaution knowledge and skills. Actually, caregivers need support during and particularly, after patients’ hospitalization. A collaborative education program is conducted for those caregivers during and after patients’ hospitalization.Objectives:The pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a collaborative education program in term of feedbacks from community suicidal precaution nurses (CSPN) and caregivers.Method:A convenience sample of eight caregivers of patients who presented with suicidal idea or attempted suicide before current admission, and were diagnosed with depression in a study ward were recruited. Knowledge and theory about elderly suicide and caring skill were taught by the psycho-geriatric ward nurse during patient hospitalization. When patient was discharged, the CSPN were liaised. They would help caregivers transforming the theory into practice at their home, and then reinforce their suicidal precaution skills. The effectiveness of the collaborative education program was evaluated by feedbacks from CSPN and caregivers.Results:The CSPN agreed that the collaborative program was useful and practical, which bridged caregivers’ knowledge gap. The program provided a continuous support to caregivers before and after patients’ discharge. The caregivers expressed that the program was satisfactory and met their needs.Conclusion:The collaborative program was effective in providing continuous support on practicing the suicidal precaution skill among the caregivers.