The relationship between public procurement policies and procurement best practices (PBPs) in higher education institutions is inevitable. Higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa play a crucial role in contributing to the economic, social and environmental development of the country. Hence the implementation of PBPs has a key role in creating a competitive advantage for higher education. The purpose of this article is to determine the influence of public procurement policies on the implementation of PBPs in the public HEIs in South Africa. The article employs a theoretical review of related literature on public procurement and PBPs. The article articulates that public procurement policies influence the implementation of PBPs in public HEIs in South Africa.

The domestic passenger car market has witnessed substantial growth in South Africa. At the same time, bank repossessions and black-listing of defaulting borrowers have increased in sympathy. This paper empirically examines the link between interest rates and the borrowers decision to purchase a passenger vehicle in South Africa. We use monthly time series data of passenger vehicles purchased, household income, fuel prices, prime interest rates and producer price index for manufacturers from January 1995 to December 2011. With passenger vehicle unit purchases as the dependent variable, we obtain OLS estimates of the passenger vehicle purchase function. Results show that there is a negative, but insignificant, relationship between interest rates and passenger vehicle purchases in South Africa. Holding other factors constant, a 1% increase in interest rate results in a 0.9% decrease in passenger vehicle purchases. Household income, fuel price and producer price index are observed to have a positive and insignificant impact on the decision to purchase a passenger vehicle. Our results have policy and decision making implications to lenders and borrowers, respectively.

There is no sufficient research that was conducted on the participation of women in the Ottoman Economic system. Most of the time, women in Ottoman State was described considering the framework of harem. However, truth is very different. When the Ottoman records are analyzed, the great economic contribution of Ottoman women to the family and social life has been seen. Of course during the classical period of the Ottoman empire, the given roles to the women is much more limited than the given roles to the men in the social , economic and politic fields. However in the Ottoman social life, the contribution of women to the family budget, the roles in the working life were so important which were thought. The women in Ottoman period have a significant role in the agricultural sector. When the archive documents checked, it has been countered that the women in Ottoman state were involved in agriculture and animal husbandry, gave the direction to the society during the war and peace, worked in the textile industry, home economics. and they had the right of heritage. But it has been that women in England participated in economic activities after the revolution of industry. Women in the West worked in the textile and production sectors in the beginning of the 19th century. But the women in Ottoman state started to work in the fields of industry and service after the Tanzimat. Furthermore, some examples show that women in Anatolia were dealing trade and running stores. For example, in the 17th century, most of the tread production factories in Bursa were owned by women. and the women workers were Muslim and non-Muslim. There were women who had grinder and bakery in their house beside the women who dealt with textile. In this study, it is aimed that to show the role of Ottoman women in the social life and investigated the subjects of women's having properties, the rights of heritage, trading and participating in production by using Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive Documents. ÖZETOsmanlı ekonomisinde kadının rolü ve çalışma hayatına katılmasına yönelik yapılan araştırmalar yeterli düzeyde değildir. Genellikle Osmanlı kadını harem çerçevesinden bakılarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ancak, Osmanlı arşiv vesikaları incelendiğinde, gerçeklerin çok farklı olduğu, Osmanlı kadınının aile ve toplum hayatına önemli ölçüde ekonomik katkılar sağladığı görülmektedir. Elbette, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun klasik döneminde toplumsal, ekonomik ve politik yaşam alanlarında kadınlara tanınan rol erkeklere oranla daha sınırlıdır. Ancak, Osmanlı toplumsal yaşamında kadınların aile ekonomisine katkıları, çalışma yaşamındaki etki ve rolleri sanılandan çok daha fazla olmuştur. Kadın, Osmanlı'da hâkim sektör olan tarımda ağırlıklı bir role sahiptir. Osmanlı'da kadının tarım ve hayvancılıkla uğraştığı, savaşta ve barışta ekonomiye yön verdiği; ev endüstrisinde tekstil üreticiliği, ipekböcekçiliği ve dokumacılık ile uğraştığı; miras alma ve miras bırakma haklarına sahip olduğu belgelerle tespit edilebilmektedir. Örneğin İngiltere'de kadınların ilk kez sa...

The recent #FeesMustFall campaign coupled with the declining funding of universities calls for effective management of limited resources. Since procurement is the largest expense accrual function in any organisation, these institutions have more obligation of being responsive to the management of limited resources. The purpose of this article is to determine the factors affecting the effective management of the limited resources in South African comprehensive universities. A qualitative approach using multiple cases was adopted. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using open-ended questions. The findings revealed that the effective management of limited resources in the South African comprehensive universities is affected by the policies, non-compliance, thresholds, supplier rotation and centralisation. Consequently, these institutions do not contribute sufficiently to the university's overall objectives for competitive advantage and sustainability. It is recommended that South African comprehensive universities streamline operations, remove internal barriers, impose strict compliance measures and communicate the vision across the university.