Until recently, the belief that adequate pain management was not achievable while patients remained on buprenorphine was the impetus for the perioperative discontinuation of buprenorphine. We aimed to use an expert consensus Delphibased survey technique to 1) specify the need for perioperative guidelines in this context and 2) offer a set of recommendations for the perioperative management of these patients. The major recommendation of this practice advisory is to continue buprenorphine therapy in the perioperative period. It is rarely appropriate to reduce the buprenorphine dose irrespective of indication or formulation. If analgesia is inadequate after optimisation of adjunct analgesic therapies, we recommend initiating a full mu agonist while continuing buprenorphine at some dose. The panel believes that before operation, physicians must distinguish between buprenorphine use for chronic pain (weaning/conversion from longterm high-dose opioids) and opioid use disorder (OUD) as the primary indication for buprenorphine therapy. Patients should ideally be discharged on buprenorphine, although not necessarily at their preoperative dose. Depending on analgesic requirements, they may be discharged on a full mu agonist. Overall, long-term buprenorphine treatment retention and harm reduction must be considered during the perioperative period when OUD is a primary diagnosis. The authors recognise that inter-patient variability will require some individualisation of clinical practice advisories. Clinical practice advisories are largely based on lower classes of evidence (level 4, level 5). Further research is required in order to implement meaningful changes in practitioner behaviour for this patient group.
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Background-Prerequisite opioid withdrawal symptoms prior to buprenorphine induction are unacceptable to many patients. We assessed whether transdermal buprenorphine minimized withdrawal while bridging to sublingual therapy among hospital inpatients.Methods-Retrospective chart review of (n = 23) inpatients with opioid use disorder or opioid dependence due to chronic pain.Results-Of 23 inpatients, 65% transitioned without symptoms, while 35% experienced mild withdrawal. Ninety-six percent completed planned hospitalizations, with 83% engaged in treatment 4 weeks post-discharge.Discussion and Conclusions-Bridging to sublingual therapy with transdermal buprenorphine patches was feasible without withdrawal symptoms.
Background An increasing number of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) are treated with opioid agonistantagonists such as buprenorphine/naloxone. Perioperative management of patients on buprenorphine/naloxone is inconsistent and remains a controversial topic with mismanagement posing a significant risk to the long-term health of these patients.
Résumé Background: Infective endocarditis in the setting of injection drug use (IDU-IE) can be managed medically and surgically, but the greatest risk to short-term survival are complications of continued use. Despite this, harm reduction interventions have not been widely adopted in inpatient settings for individuals with IDU-IE. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to determine the types, effectiveness, and availability of targeted harm reduction interventions for individuals with IDU-IE. In this review, harm reduction was defined as any practice aimed at reducing negative consequences associated with substance use. Methods: In accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines, 5 electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies targeting harm reduction interventions for individuals with IDU-IE. Study quality was appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Key findings of studies were summarized descriptively as a quantitative meta-analysis could not be undertaken. Results: Four studies (involving 221 participants) met eligibility criteria. The mean age was 39.3 ± 16.7 years, 69.8% were males and 80.7% had an opioid use disorder. Harm reduction interventions included inpatient addictions consultations, needle hygiene interventions, and outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. Such interventions were associated with decreased morbidity and mortality for individuals with IDU-IE: 19% of patients receiving inpatient addictions consultation subsequently accepted residential treatment, 38% engaged in follow-up, and monthly illicit opioid use was lowered from 16.5 days to 1.5 days. Six-month mortality was 7.1%. Of the patients who received outpatient parenteral antibiotics, 93% did not experience any recurrent infections during follow-up and there were no patient deaths. Needle hygiene interventions reduced the rate of bacterial infections over a 6-month follow-up period (hazard ratio: 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.37–1.74). Conclusion: Harm reduction interventions are potentially effective means for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with IDU-IE. Contexte: L’endocardite infectieuse dans le contexte de l’utilisation de drogues injectables (IDU-IE) peut être prise en charge médicalement et chirurgicalement, mais le plus grand risque pour la survie à court terme sont les complications d’une utilisation continue. Malgré cela, les interventions de réduction des méfaits n’ont pas été largement adoptées en milieu hospitalier pour les personnes atteintes d’IDU-IE. Objectifs: Le but de cette revue systématique était de déterminer les types, l’efficacité et la disponibilité des interventions ciblées de réduction des méfaits pour les personnes atteintes d’IDU-IE. Dans cette revue, la réduction des méfaits a été définie comme toute pratique visant à réduire les conséquences négatives associées à la consommation de substances. Les méthodes: Conformément aux lignes directrices PRISMA, cinq bases de données électroniques ont été systématiquement recherchées pour identifier les études ciblant les interventions de réduction des risques pour les personnes atteintes d’IDU-IE. La qualité de l’étude a été évaluée à l’aide de l’outil Cochrane Risk of Bias. Les principales conclusions des études ont été résumées de manière descriptive, car aucune méta-analyse quantitative n’a pu être entreprise. Résultats: Quatre études (impliquant 221 participants) répondaient aux critères d’éligibilité. L’âge moyen était de 39,3 ± 16,7 ans, 69,8% étaient des hommes et 80,7% avaient un trouble lié à la consommation d’opioïdes. Les interventions de réduction des méfaits comprenaient des consultations de toxicomanie en milieu hospitalier, des interventions d’hygiène des aiguilles et une antibiothérapie parentérale ambulatoire. De telles interventions étaient associées à une baisse de la morbidité et de la mortalité chez les personnes atteintes d’UDI-IE: 19% des patients bénéficiant d’une consultation en toxicomanie en milieu hospitalier ont par la suite accepté un traitement en établissement, 38% ont effectué un suivi et la consommation mensuelle d’opioïdes a été ramenée de 16,5 jours à 1,5 jour.. La mortalité à six mois était de 7,1%. Parmi les patients qui ont reçu des antibiotiques parentéraux ambulatoires, 93% n’ont pas connu d’infections récurrentes au cours du suivi et il n’y a eu aucun décès de patient. Les interventions d’hygiène des aiguilles ont réduit le taux d’infections bactériennes sur une période de suivi de 6 mois (rapport de risque: 0,80; intervalle de confiance à 95%, 0,37 à 1,74). Conclusions: Les interventions de réduction des méfaits sont des moyens potentiellement efficaces pour réduire la morbidité et la mortalité chez les patients atteints d’IDU-IE.
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